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# sqlalchemy/exc.py
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# Copyright (C) 2005-2013 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Exceptions used with SQLAlchemy.
The base exception class is :class:`.SQLAlchemyError`. Exceptions which are raised as a
result of DBAPI exceptions are all subclasses of
:class:`.DBAPIError`.
"""
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import traceback
class SQLAlchemyError(Exception):
"""Generic error class."""
class ArgumentError(SQLAlchemyError):
"""Raised when an invalid or conflicting function argument is supplied.
This error generally corresponds to construction time state errors.
"""
class CircularDependencyError(SQLAlchemyError):
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"""Raised by topological sorts when a circular dependency is detected.
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There are two scenarios where this error occurs:
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* In a Session flush operation, if two objects are mutually dependent
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on each other, they can not be inserted or deleted via INSERT or
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DELETE statements alone; an UPDATE will be needed to post-associate
or pre-deassociate one of the foreign key constrained values.
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The ``post_update`` flag described at :ref:`post_update` can resolve
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this cycle.
* In a :meth:`.MetaData.create_all`, :meth:`.MetaData.drop_all`,
:attr:`.MetaData.sorted_tables` operation, two :class:`.ForeignKey`
or :class:`.ForeignKeyConstraint` objects mutually refer to each
other. Apply the ``use_alter=True`` flag to one or both,
see :ref:`use_alter`.
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"""
def __init__(self, message, cycles, edges, msg=None):
if msg is None:
message += " Cycles: %r all edges: %r" % (cycles, edges)
else:
message = msg
SQLAlchemyError.__init__(self, message)
self.cycles = cycles
self.edges = edges
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def __reduce__(self):
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return self.__class__, (None, self.cycles,
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self.edges, self.args[0])
class CompileError(SQLAlchemyError):
"""Raised when an error occurs during SQL compilation"""
class IdentifierError(SQLAlchemyError):
"""Raised when a schema name is beyond the max character limit"""
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# Moved to orm.exc; compatibility definition installed by orm import until 0.6
ConcurrentModificationError = None
class DisconnectionError(SQLAlchemyError):
"""A disconnect is detected on a raw DB-API connection.
This error is raised and consumed internally by a connection pool. It can
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be raised by the :meth:`.PoolEvents.checkout` event
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so that the host pool forces a retry; the exception will be caught
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three times in a row before the pool gives up and raises
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:class:`~sqlalchemy.exc.InvalidRequestError` regarding the connection attempt.
"""
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# Moved to orm.exc; compatibility definition installed by orm import until 0.6
FlushError = None
class TimeoutError(SQLAlchemyError):
"""Raised when a connection pool times out on getting a connection."""
class InvalidRequestError(SQLAlchemyError):
"""SQLAlchemy was asked to do something it can't do.
This error generally corresponds to runtime state errors.
"""
class ResourceClosedError(InvalidRequestError):
"""An operation was requested from a connection, cursor, or other
object that's in a closed state."""
class NoSuchColumnError(KeyError, InvalidRequestError):
"""A nonexistent column is requested from a ``RowProxy``."""
class NoReferenceError(InvalidRequestError):
"""Raised by ``ForeignKey`` to indicate a reference cannot be resolved."""
class NoReferencedTableError(NoReferenceError):
"""Raised by ``ForeignKey`` when the referred ``Table`` cannot be located."""
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def __init__(self, message, tname):
NoReferenceError.__init__(self, message)
self.table_name = tname
def __reduce__(self):
return self.__class__, (self.args[0], self.table_name)
class NoReferencedColumnError(NoReferenceError):
"""Raised by ``ForeignKey`` when the referred ``Column`` cannot be located."""
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def __init__(self, message, tname, cname):
NoReferenceError.__init__(self, message)
self.table_name = tname
self.column_name = cname
def __reduce__(self):
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return self.__class__, (self.args[0], self.table_name,
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self.column_name)
class NoSuchTableError(InvalidRequestError):
"""Table does not exist or is not visible to a connection."""
class UnboundExecutionError(InvalidRequestError):
"""SQL was attempted without a database connection to execute it on."""
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class DontWrapMixin(object):
"""A mixin class which, when applied to a user-defined Exception class,
will not be wrapped inside of :class:`.StatementError` if the error is
emitted within the process of executing a statement.
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E.g.::
from sqlalchemy.exc import DontWrapMixin
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class MyCustomException(Exception, DontWrapMixin):
pass
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class MySpecialType(TypeDecorator):
impl = String
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def process_bind_param(self, value, dialect):
if value == 'invalid':
raise MyCustomException("invalid!")
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"""
import sys
if sys.version_info < (2, 5):
class DontWrapMixin:
pass
# Moved to orm.exc; compatibility definition installed by orm import until 0.6
UnmappedColumnError = None
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class StatementError(SQLAlchemyError):
"""An error occurred during execution of a SQL statement.
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:class:`StatementError` wraps the exception raised
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during execution, and features :attr:`.statement`
and :attr:`.params` attributes which supply context regarding
the specifics of the statement which had an issue.
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The wrapped exception object is available in
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the :attr:`.orig` attribute.
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"""
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statement = None
"""The string SQL statement being invoked when this exception occurred."""
params = None
"""The parameter list being used when this exception occurred."""
orig = None
"""The DBAPI exception object."""
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def __init__(self, message, statement, params, orig):
SQLAlchemyError.__init__(self, message)
self.statement = statement
self.params = params
self.orig = orig
def __reduce__(self):
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return self.__class__, (self.args[0], self.statement,
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self.params, self.orig)
def __str__(self):
from sqlalchemy.sql import util
params_repr = util._repr_params(self.params, 10)
return ' '.join((SQLAlchemyError.__str__(self),
repr(self.statement), repr(params_repr)))
class DBAPIError(StatementError):
"""Raised when the execution of a database operation fails.
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Wraps exceptions raised by the DB-API underlying the
database operation. Driver-specific implementations of the standard
DB-API exception types are wrapped by matching sub-types of SQLAlchemy's
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:class:`DBAPIError` when possible. DB-API's ``Error`` type maps to
:class:`DBAPIError` in SQLAlchemy, otherwise the names are identical. Note
that there is no guarantee that different DB-API implementations will
raise the same exception type for any given error condition.
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:class:`DBAPIError` features :attr:`~.StatementError.statement`
and :attr:`~.StatementError.params` attributes which supply context regarding
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the specifics of the statement which had an issue, for the
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typical case when the error was raised within the context of
emitting a SQL statement.
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The wrapped exception object is available in the :attr:`~.StatementError.orig` attribute.
Its type and properties are DB-API implementation specific.
"""
@classmethod
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def instance(cls, statement, params,
orig,
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dbapi_base_err,
connection_invalidated=False):
# Don't ever wrap these, just return them directly as if
# DBAPIError didn't exist.
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if isinstance(orig, (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit, DontWrapMixin)):
return orig
if orig is not None:
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# not a DBAPI error, statement is present.
# raise a StatementError
if not isinstance(orig, dbapi_base_err) and statement:
return StatementError(
"%s (original cause: %s)" % (
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str(orig),
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traceback.format_exception_only(orig.__class__, orig)[-1].strip()
), statement, params, orig)
name, glob = orig.__class__.__name__, globals()
if name in glob and issubclass(glob[name], DBAPIError):
cls = glob[name]
return cls(statement, params, orig, connection_invalidated)
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def __reduce__(self):
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return self.__class__, (self.statement, self.params,
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self.orig, self.connection_invalidated)
def __init__(self, statement, params, orig, connection_invalidated=False):
try:
text = str(orig)
except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
raise
except Exception, e:
text = 'Error in str() of DB-API-generated exception: ' + str(e)
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StatementError.__init__(
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self,
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'(%s) %s' % (orig.__class__.__name__, text),
statement,
params,
orig
)
self.connection_invalidated = connection_invalidated
class InterfaceError(DBAPIError):
"""Wraps a DB-API InterfaceError."""
class DatabaseError(DBAPIError):
"""Wraps a DB-API DatabaseError."""
class DataError(DatabaseError):
"""Wraps a DB-API DataError."""
class OperationalError(DatabaseError):
"""Wraps a DB-API OperationalError."""
class IntegrityError(DatabaseError):
"""Wraps a DB-API IntegrityError."""
class InternalError(DatabaseError):
"""Wraps a DB-API InternalError."""
class ProgrammingError(DatabaseError):
"""Wraps a DB-API ProgrammingError."""
class NotSupportedError(DatabaseError):
"""Wraps a DB-API NotSupportedError."""
# Warnings
class SADeprecationWarning(DeprecationWarning):
"""Issued once per usage of a deprecated API."""
class SAPendingDeprecationWarning(PendingDeprecationWarning):
"""Issued once per usage of a deprecated API."""
class SAWarning(RuntimeWarning):
"""Issued at runtime."""