diff --git a/CHANGES.md b/CHANGES.md
index 415535f..74fea8d 100644
--- a/CHANGES.md
+++ b/CHANGES.md
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 * Update Six compatibility library 1.12.0 (8da94b8) to 1.12.0 (aa4e90b)
 * Update TZlocal 2.0.0.dev0 (b73a692) to 2.0.0b3 (410a838)
 * Update unidecode module 1.0.22 (a5045ab) to 1.1.1 (632af82)
+* Update urllib3 release 1.25.2 (49eea80) to 1.25.3 (3387b20)
 
 
 [develop changelog]
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/__init__.py b/lib/urllib3/__init__.py
index eb91588..63e5026 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/__init__.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/__init__.py
@@ -4,11 +4,7 @@ urllib3 - Thread-safe connection pooling and re-using.
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 import warnings
 
-from .connectionpool import (
-    HTTPConnectionPool,
-    HTTPSConnectionPool,
-    connection_from_url
-)
+from .connectionpool import HTTPConnectionPool, HTTPSConnectionPool, connection_from_url
 
 from . import exceptions
 from .filepost import encode_multipart_formdata
@@ -24,25 +20,25 @@ from .util.retry import Retry
 import logging
 from logging import NullHandler
 
-__author__ = 'Andrey Petrov (andrey.petrov@shazow.net)'
-__license__ = 'MIT'
-__version__ = '1.25.2'
+__author__ = "Andrey Petrov (andrey.petrov@shazow.net)"
+__license__ = "MIT"
+__version__ = "1.25.3"
 
 __all__ = (
-    'HTTPConnectionPool',
-    'HTTPSConnectionPool',
-    'PoolManager',
-    'ProxyManager',
-    'HTTPResponse',
-    'Retry',
-    'Timeout',
-    'add_stderr_logger',
-    'connection_from_url',
-    'disable_warnings',
-    'encode_multipart_formdata',
-    'get_host',
-    'make_headers',
-    'proxy_from_url',
+    "HTTPConnectionPool",
+    "HTTPSConnectionPool",
+    "PoolManager",
+    "ProxyManager",
+    "HTTPResponse",
+    "Retry",
+    "Timeout",
+    "add_stderr_logger",
+    "connection_from_url",
+    "disable_warnings",
+    "encode_multipart_formdata",
+    "get_host",
+    "make_headers",
+    "proxy_from_url",
 )
 
 logging.getLogger(__name__).addHandler(NullHandler())
@@ -59,10 +55,10 @@ def add_stderr_logger(level=logging.DEBUG):
     # even if urllib3 is vendored within another package.
     logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
     handler = logging.StreamHandler()
-    handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s'))
+    handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s"))
     logger.addHandler(handler)
     logger.setLevel(level)
-    logger.debug('Added a stderr logging handler to logger: %s', __name__)
+    logger.debug("Added a stderr logging handler to logger: %s", __name__)
     return handler
 
 
@@ -74,18 +70,17 @@ del NullHandler
 # shouldn't be: otherwise, it's very hard for users to use most Python
 # mechanisms to silence them.
 # SecurityWarning's always go off by default.
-warnings.simplefilter('always', exceptions.SecurityWarning, append=True)
+warnings.simplefilter("always", exceptions.SecurityWarning, append=True)
 # SubjectAltNameWarning's should go off once per host
-warnings.simplefilter('default', exceptions.SubjectAltNameWarning, append=True)
+warnings.simplefilter("default", exceptions.SubjectAltNameWarning, append=True)
 # InsecurePlatformWarning's don't vary between requests, so we keep it default.
-warnings.simplefilter('default', exceptions.InsecurePlatformWarning,
-                      append=True)
+warnings.simplefilter("default", exceptions.InsecurePlatformWarning, append=True)
 # SNIMissingWarnings should go off only once.
-warnings.simplefilter('default', exceptions.SNIMissingWarning, append=True)
+warnings.simplefilter("default", exceptions.SNIMissingWarning, append=True)
 
 
 def disable_warnings(category=exceptions.HTTPWarning):
     """
     Helper for quickly disabling all urllib3 warnings.
     """
-    warnings.simplefilter('ignore', category)
+    warnings.simplefilter("ignore", category)
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/_collections.py b/lib/urllib3/_collections.py
index 34f2381..019d151 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/_collections.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/_collections.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import absolute_import
+
 try:
     from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping
 except ImportError:
@@ -6,6 +7,7 @@ except ImportError:
 try:
     from threading import RLock
 except ImportError:  # Platform-specific: No threads available
+
     class RLock:
         def __enter__(self):
             pass
@@ -19,7 +21,7 @@ from .exceptions import InvalidHeader
 from .packages.six import iterkeys, itervalues, PY3
 
 
-__all__ = ['RecentlyUsedContainer', 'HTTPHeaderDict']
+__all__ = ["RecentlyUsedContainer", "HTTPHeaderDict"]
 
 
 _Null = object()
@@ -82,7 +84,9 @@ class RecentlyUsedContainer(MutableMapping):
             return len(self._container)
 
     def __iter__(self):
-        raise NotImplementedError('Iteration over this class is unlikely to be threadsafe.')
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Iteration over this class is unlikely to be threadsafe."
+        )
 
     def clear(self):
         with self.lock:
@@ -150,7 +154,7 @@ class HTTPHeaderDict(MutableMapping):
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         val = self._container[key.lower()]
-        return ', '.join(val[1:])
+        return ", ".join(val[1:])
 
     def __delitem__(self, key):
         del self._container[key.lower()]
@@ -159,12 +163,13 @@ class HTTPHeaderDict(MutableMapping):
         return key.lower() in self._container
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
-        if not isinstance(other, Mapping) and not hasattr(other, 'keys'):
+        if not isinstance(other, Mapping) and not hasattr(other, "keys"):
             return False
         if not isinstance(other, type(self)):
             other = type(self)(other)
-        return (dict((k.lower(), v) for k, v in self.itermerged()) ==
-                dict((k.lower(), v) for k, v in other.itermerged()))
+        return dict((k.lower(), v) for k, v in self.itermerged()) == dict(
+            (k.lower(), v) for k, v in other.itermerged()
+        )
 
     def __ne__(self, other):
         return not self.__eq__(other)
@@ -184,9 +189,9 @@ class HTTPHeaderDict(MutableMapping):
             yield vals[0]
 
     def pop(self, key, default=__marker):
-        '''D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
+        """D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
           If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised.
-        '''
+        """
         # Using the MutableMapping function directly fails due to the private marker.
         # Using ordinary dict.pop would expose the internal structures.
         # So let's reinvent the wheel.
@@ -228,8 +233,10 @@ class HTTPHeaderDict(MutableMapping):
         with self.add instead of self.__setitem__
         """
         if len(args) > 1:
-            raise TypeError("extend() takes at most 1 positional "
-                            "arguments ({0} given)".format(len(args)))
+            raise TypeError(
+                "extend() takes at most 1 positional "
+                "arguments ({0} given)".format(len(args))
+            )
         other = args[0] if len(args) >= 1 else ()
 
         if isinstance(other, HTTPHeaderDict):
@@ -295,7 +302,7 @@ class HTTPHeaderDict(MutableMapping):
         """Iterate over all headers, merging duplicate ones together."""
         for key in self:
             val = self._container[key.lower()]
-            yield val[0], ', '.join(val[1:])
+            yield val[0], ", ".join(val[1:])
 
     def items(self):
         return list(self.iteritems())
@@ -306,7 +313,7 @@ class HTTPHeaderDict(MutableMapping):
         # python2.7 does not expose a proper API for exporting multiheaders
         # efficiently. This function re-reads raw lines from the message
         # object and extracts the multiheaders properly.
-        obs_fold_continued_leaders = (' ', '\t')
+        obs_fold_continued_leaders = (" ", "\t")
         headers = []
 
         for line in message.headers:
@@ -316,14 +323,14 @@ class HTTPHeaderDict(MutableMapping):
                     # in RFC-7230 S3.2.4. This indicates a multiline header, but
                     # there exists no previous header to which we can attach it.
                     raise InvalidHeader(
-                        'Header continuation with no previous header: %s' % line
+                        "Header continuation with no previous header: %s" % line
                     )
                 else:
                     key, value = headers[-1]
-                    headers[-1] = (key, value + ' ' + line.strip())
+                    headers[-1] = (key, value + " " + line.strip())
                     continue
 
-            key, value = line.split(':', 1)
+            key, value = line.split(":", 1)
             headers.append((key, value.strip()))
 
         return cls(headers)
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/connection.py b/lib/urllib3/connection.py
index f816ee8..a138bb2 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/connection.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/connection.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from .packages.six.moves.http_client import HTTPException  # noqa: F401
 
 try:  # Compiled with SSL?
     import ssl
+
     BaseSSLError = ssl.SSLError
 except (ImportError, AttributeError):  # Platform-specific: No SSL.
     ssl = None
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ from .util.ssl_ import (
     resolve_ssl_version,
     assert_fingerprint,
     create_urllib3_context,
-    ssl_wrap_socket
+    ssl_wrap_socket,
 )
 
 
@@ -51,20 +52,16 @@ from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-port_by_scheme = {
-    'http': 80,
-    'https': 443,
-}
+port_by_scheme = {"http": 80, "https": 443}
 
-# When updating RECENT_DATE, move it to within two years of the current date,
-# and not less than 6 months ago.
-# Example: if Today is 2018-01-01, then RECENT_DATE should be any date on or
-# after 2016-01-01 (today - 2 years) AND before 2017-07-01 (today - 6 months)
-RECENT_DATE = datetime.date(2017, 6, 30)
+# When it comes time to update this value as a part of regular maintenance
+# (ie test_recent_date is failing) update it to ~6 months before the current date.
+RECENT_DATE = datetime.date(2019, 1, 1)
 
 
 class DummyConnection(object):
     """Used to detect a failed ConnectionCls import."""
+
     pass
 
 
@@ -92,7 +89,7 @@ class HTTPConnection(_HTTPConnection, object):
         Or you may want to disable the defaults by passing an empty list (e.g., ``[]``).
     """
 
-    default_port = port_by_scheme['http']
+    default_port = port_by_scheme["http"]
 
     #: Disable Nagle's algorithm by default.
     #: ``[(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)]``
@@ -103,14 +100,14 @@ class HTTPConnection(_HTTPConnection, object):
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
         if six.PY3:
-            kw.pop('strict', None)
+            kw.pop("strict", None)
 
         # Pre-set source_address.
-        self.source_address = kw.get('source_address')
+        self.source_address = kw.get("source_address")
 
         #: The socket options provided by the user. If no options are
         #: provided, we use the default options.
-        self.socket_options = kw.pop('socket_options', self.default_socket_options)
+        self.socket_options = kw.pop("socket_options", self.default_socket_options)
 
         _HTTPConnection.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
 
@@ -131,7 +128,7 @@ class HTTPConnection(_HTTPConnection, object):
         those cases where it's appropriate (i.e., when doing DNS lookup to establish the
         actual TCP connection across which we're going to send HTTP requests).
         """
-        return self._dns_host.rstrip('.')
+        return self._dns_host.rstrip(".")
 
     @host.setter
     def host(self, value):
@@ -150,30 +147,34 @@ class HTTPConnection(_HTTPConnection, object):
         """
         extra_kw = {}
         if self.source_address:
-            extra_kw['source_address'] = self.source_address
+            extra_kw["source_address"] = self.source_address
 
         if self.socket_options:
-            extra_kw['socket_options'] = self.socket_options
+            extra_kw["socket_options"] = self.socket_options
 
         try:
             conn = connection.create_connection(
-                (self._dns_host, self.port), self.timeout, **extra_kw)
+                (self._dns_host, self.port), self.timeout, **extra_kw
+            )
 
         except SocketTimeout:
             raise ConnectTimeoutError(
-                self, "Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)" %
-                (self.host, self.timeout))
+                self,
+                "Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)"
+                % (self.host, self.timeout),
+            )
 
         except SocketError as e:
             raise NewConnectionError(
-                self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e)
+                self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e
+            )
 
         return conn
 
     def _prepare_conn(self, conn):
         self.sock = conn
         # Google App Engine's httplib does not define _tunnel_host
-        if getattr(self, '_tunnel_host', None):
+        if getattr(self, "_tunnel_host", None):
             # TODO: Fix tunnel so it doesn't depend on self.sock state.
             self._tunnel()
             # Mark this connection as not reusable
@@ -189,18 +190,15 @@ class HTTPConnection(_HTTPConnection, object):
         body with chunked encoding and not as one block
         """
         headers = HTTPHeaderDict(headers if headers is not None else {})
-        skip_accept_encoding = 'accept-encoding' in headers
-        skip_host = 'host' in headers
+        skip_accept_encoding = "accept-encoding" in headers
+        skip_host = "host" in headers
         self.putrequest(
-            method,
-            url,
-            skip_accept_encoding=skip_accept_encoding,
-            skip_host=skip_host
+            method, url, skip_accept_encoding=skip_accept_encoding, skip_host=skip_host
         )
         for header, value in headers.items():
             self.putheader(header, value)
-        if 'transfer-encoding' not in headers:
-            self.putheader('Transfer-Encoding', 'chunked')
+        if "transfer-encoding" not in headers:
+            self.putheader("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked")
         self.endheaders()
 
         if body is not None:
@@ -211,29 +209,37 @@ class HTTPConnection(_HTTPConnection, object):
                 if not chunk:
                     continue
                 if not isinstance(chunk, bytes):
-                    chunk = chunk.encode('utf8')
+                    chunk = chunk.encode("utf8")
                 len_str = hex(len(chunk))[2:]
-                self.send(len_str.encode('utf-8'))
-                self.send(b'\r\n')
+                self.send(len_str.encode("utf-8"))
+                self.send(b"\r\n")
                 self.send(chunk)
-                self.send(b'\r\n')
+                self.send(b"\r\n")
 
         # After the if clause, to always have a closed body
-        self.send(b'0\r\n\r\n')
+        self.send(b"0\r\n\r\n")
 
 
 class HTTPSConnection(HTTPConnection):
-    default_port = port_by_scheme['https']
+    default_port = port_by_scheme["https"]
 
     ssl_version = None
 
-    def __init__(self, host, port=None, key_file=None, cert_file=None,
-                 key_password=None, strict=None,
-                 timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
-                 ssl_context=None, server_hostname=None, **kw):
-
-        HTTPConnection.__init__(self, host, port, strict=strict,
-                                timeout=timeout, **kw)
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host,
+        port=None,
+        key_file=None,
+        cert_file=None,
+        key_password=None,
+        strict=None,
+        timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+        ssl_context=None,
+        server_hostname=None,
+        **kw
+    ):
+
+        HTTPConnection.__init__(self, host, port, strict=strict, timeout=timeout, **kw)
 
         self.key_file = key_file
         self.cert_file = cert_file
@@ -243,25 +249,40 @@ class HTTPSConnection(HTTPConnection):
 
         # Required property for Google AppEngine 1.9.0 which otherwise causes
         # HTTPS requests to go out as HTTP. (See Issue #356)
-        self._protocol = 'https'
+        self._protocol = "https"
 
     def connect(self):
         conn = self._new_conn()
         self._prepare_conn(conn)
 
+        # Wrap socket using verification with the root certs in
+        # trusted_root_certs
+        default_ssl_context = False
         if self.ssl_context is None:
+            default_ssl_context = True
             self.ssl_context = create_urllib3_context(
-                ssl_version=resolve_ssl_version(None),
-                cert_reqs=resolve_cert_reqs(None),
+                ssl_version=resolve_ssl_version(self.ssl_version),
+                cert_reqs=resolve_cert_reqs(self.cert_reqs),
             )
 
+        # Try to load OS default certs if none are given.
+        # Works well on Windows (requires Python3.4+)
+        context = self.ssl_context
+        if (
+            not self.ca_certs
+            and not self.ca_cert_dir
+            and default_ssl_context
+            and hasattr(context, "load_default_certs")
+        ):
+            context.load_default_certs()
+
         self.sock = ssl_wrap_socket(
             sock=conn,
             keyfile=self.key_file,
             certfile=self.cert_file,
             key_password=self.key_password,
             ssl_context=self.ssl_context,
-            server_hostname=self.server_hostname
+            server_hostname=self.server_hostname,
         )
 
 
@@ -270,16 +291,24 @@ class VerifiedHTTPSConnection(HTTPSConnection):
     Based on httplib.HTTPSConnection but wraps the socket with
     SSL certification.
     """
+
     cert_reqs = None
     ca_certs = None
     ca_cert_dir = None
     ssl_version = None
     assert_fingerprint = None
 
-    def set_cert(self, key_file=None, cert_file=None,
-                 cert_reqs=None, key_password=None, ca_certs=None,
-                 assert_hostname=None, assert_fingerprint=None,
-                 ca_cert_dir=None):
+    def set_cert(
+        self,
+        key_file=None,
+        cert_file=None,
+        cert_reqs=None,
+        key_password=None,
+        ca_certs=None,
+        assert_hostname=None,
+        assert_fingerprint=None,
+        ca_cert_dir=None,
+    ):
         """
         This method should only be called once, before the connection is used.
         """
@@ -306,7 +335,7 @@ class VerifiedHTTPSConnection(HTTPSConnection):
         hostname = self.host
 
         # Google App Engine's httplib does not define _tunnel_host
-        if getattr(self, '_tunnel_host', None):
+        if getattr(self, "_tunnel_host", None):
             self.sock = conn
             # Calls self._set_hostport(), so self.host is
             # self._tunnel_host below.
@@ -323,15 +352,19 @@ class VerifiedHTTPSConnection(HTTPSConnection):
 
         is_time_off = datetime.date.today() < RECENT_DATE
         if is_time_off:
-            warnings.warn((
-                'System time is way off (before {0}). This will probably '
-                'lead to SSL verification errors').format(RECENT_DATE),
-                SystemTimeWarning
+            warnings.warn(
+                (
+                    "System time is way off (before {0}). This will probably "
+                    "lead to SSL verification errors"
+                ).format(RECENT_DATE),
+                SystemTimeWarning,
             )
 
         # Wrap socket using verification with the root certs in
         # trusted_root_certs
+        default_ssl_context = False
         if self.ssl_context is None:
+            default_ssl_context = True
             self.ssl_context = create_urllib3_context(
                 ssl_version=resolve_ssl_version(self.ssl_version),
                 cert_reqs=resolve_cert_reqs(self.cert_reqs),
@@ -339,6 +372,17 @@ class VerifiedHTTPSConnection(HTTPSConnection):
 
         context = self.ssl_context
         context.verify_mode = resolve_cert_reqs(self.cert_reqs)
+
+        # Try to load OS default certs if none are given.
+        # Works well on Windows (requires Python3.4+)
+        if (
+            not self.ca_certs
+            and not self.ca_cert_dir
+            and default_ssl_context
+            and hasattr(context, "load_default_certs")
+        ):
+            context.load_default_certs()
+
         self.sock = ssl_wrap_socket(
             sock=conn,
             keyfile=self.key_file,
@@ -347,31 +391,37 @@ class VerifiedHTTPSConnection(HTTPSConnection):
             ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
             ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
             server_hostname=server_hostname,
-            ssl_context=context)
+            ssl_context=context,
+        )
 
         if self.assert_fingerprint:
-            assert_fingerprint(self.sock.getpeercert(binary_form=True),
-                               self.assert_fingerprint)
-        elif context.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_NONE \
-                and not getattr(context, 'check_hostname', False) \
-                and self.assert_hostname is not False:
+            assert_fingerprint(
+                self.sock.getpeercert(binary_form=True), self.assert_fingerprint
+            )
+        elif (
+            context.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_NONE
+            and not getattr(context, "check_hostname", False)
+            and self.assert_hostname is not False
+        ):
             # While urllib3 attempts to always turn off hostname matching from
             # the TLS library, this cannot always be done. So we check whether
             # the TLS Library still thinks it's matching hostnames.
             cert = self.sock.getpeercert()
-            if not cert.get('subjectAltName', ()):
-                warnings.warn((
-                    'Certificate for {0} has no `subjectAltName`, falling back to check for a '
-                    '`commonName` for now. This feature is being removed by major browsers and '
-                    'deprecated by RFC 2818. (See https://github.com/shazow/urllib3/issues/497 '
-                    'for details.)'.format(hostname)),
-                    SubjectAltNameWarning
+            if not cert.get("subjectAltName", ()):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    (
+                        "Certificate for {0} has no `subjectAltName`, falling back to check for a "
+                        "`commonName` for now. This feature is being removed by major browsers and "
+                        "deprecated by RFC 2818. (See https://github.com/shazow/urllib3/issues/497 "
+                        "for details.)".format(hostname)
+                    ),
+                    SubjectAltNameWarning,
                 )
             _match_hostname(cert, self.assert_hostname or server_hostname)
 
         self.is_verified = (
-            context.verify_mode == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED or
-            self.assert_fingerprint is not None
+            context.verify_mode == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+            or self.assert_fingerprint is not None
         )
 
 
@@ -380,8 +430,9 @@ def _match_hostname(cert, asserted_hostname):
         match_hostname(cert, asserted_hostname)
     except CertificateError as e:
         log.error(
-            'Certificate did not match expected hostname: %s. '
-            'Certificate: %s', asserted_hostname, cert
+            "Certificate did not match expected hostname: %s. " "Certificate: %s",
+            asserted_hostname,
+            cert,
         )
         # Add cert to exception and reraise so client code can inspect
         # the cert when catching the exception, if they want to
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/connectionpool.py b/lib/urllib3/connectionpool.py
index 157568a..ee53c4b 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/connectionpool.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/connectionpool.py
@@ -30,8 +30,11 @@ from .packages.rfc3986.normalizers import normalize_host
 from .connection import (
     port_by_scheme,
     DummyConnection,
-    HTTPConnection, HTTPSConnection, VerifiedHTTPSConnection,
-    HTTPException, BaseSSLError,
+    HTTPConnection,
+    HTTPSConnection,
+    VerifiedHTTPSConnection,
+    HTTPException,
+    BaseSSLError,
 )
 from .request import RequestMethods
 from .response import HTTPResponse
@@ -71,8 +74,7 @@ class ConnectionPool(object):
         self.port = port
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return '%s(host=%r, port=%r)' % (type(self).__name__,
-                                         self.host, self.port)
+        return "%s(host=%r, port=%r)" % (type(self).__name__, self.host, self.port)
 
     def __enter__(self):
         return self
@@ -153,15 +155,24 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
         :class:`urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection` instances.
     """
 
-    scheme = 'http'
+    scheme = "http"
     ConnectionCls = HTTPConnection
     ResponseCls = HTTPResponse
 
-    def __init__(self, host, port=None, strict=False,
-                 timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, maxsize=1, block=False,
-                 headers=None, retries=None,
-                 _proxy=None, _proxy_headers=None,
-                 **conn_kw):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host,
+        port=None,
+        strict=False,
+        timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+        maxsize=1,
+        block=False,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=None,
+        _proxy=None,
+        _proxy_headers=None,
+        **conn_kw
+    ):
         ConnectionPool.__init__(self, host, port)
         RequestMethods.__init__(self, headers)
 
@@ -195,19 +206,27 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
             # Enable Nagle's algorithm for proxies, to avoid packet fragmentation.
             # We cannot know if the user has added default socket options, so we cannot replace the
             # list.
-            self.conn_kw.setdefault('socket_options', [])
+            self.conn_kw.setdefault("socket_options", [])
 
     def _new_conn(self):
         """
         Return a fresh :class:`HTTPConnection`.
         """
         self.num_connections += 1
-        log.debug("Starting new HTTP connection (%d): %s:%s",
-                  self.num_connections, self.host, self.port or "80")
-
-        conn = self.ConnectionCls(host=self.host, port=self.port,
-                                  timeout=self.timeout.connect_timeout,
-                                  strict=self.strict, **self.conn_kw)
+        log.debug(
+            "Starting new HTTP connection (%d): %s:%s",
+            self.num_connections,
+            self.host,
+            self.port or "80",
+        )
+
+        conn = self.ConnectionCls(
+            host=self.host,
+            port=self.port,
+            timeout=self.timeout.connect_timeout,
+            strict=self.strict,
+            **self.conn_kw
+        )
         return conn
 
     def _get_conn(self, timeout=None):
@@ -231,16 +250,17 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
 
         except queue.Empty:
             if self.block:
-                raise EmptyPoolError(self,
-                                     "Pool reached maximum size and no more "
-                                     "connections are allowed.")
+                raise EmptyPoolError(
+                    self,
+                    "Pool reached maximum size and no more " "connections are allowed.",
+                )
             pass  # Oh well, we'll create a new connection then
 
         # If this is a persistent connection, check if it got disconnected
         if conn and is_connection_dropped(conn):
             log.debug("Resetting dropped connection: %s", self.host)
             conn.close()
-            if getattr(conn, 'auto_open', 1) == 0:
+            if getattr(conn, "auto_open", 1) == 0:
                 # This is a proxied connection that has been mutated by
                 # httplib._tunnel() and cannot be reused (since it would
                 # attempt to bypass the proxy)
@@ -270,9 +290,7 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
             pass
         except queue.Full:
             # This should never happen if self.block == True
-            log.warning(
-                "Connection pool is full, discarding connection: %s",
-                self.host)
+            log.warning("Connection pool is full, discarding connection: %s", self.host)
 
         # Connection never got put back into the pool, close it.
         if conn:
@@ -304,21 +322,30 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
         """Is the error actually a timeout? Will raise a ReadTimeout or pass"""
 
         if isinstance(err, SocketTimeout):
-            raise ReadTimeoutError(self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value)
+            raise ReadTimeoutError(
+                self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value
+            )
 
         # See the above comment about EAGAIN in Python 3. In Python 2 we have
         # to specifically catch it and throw the timeout error
-        if hasattr(err, 'errno') and err.errno in _blocking_errnos:
-            raise ReadTimeoutError(self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value)
+        if hasattr(err, "errno") and err.errno in _blocking_errnos:
+            raise ReadTimeoutError(
+                self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value
+            )
 
         # Catch possible read timeouts thrown as SSL errors. If not the
         # case, rethrow the original. We need to do this because of:
         # http://bugs.python.org/issue10272
-        if 'timed out' in str(err) or 'did not complete (read)' in str(err):  # Python < 2.7.4
-            raise ReadTimeoutError(self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value)
-
-    def _make_request(self, conn, method, url, timeout=_Default, chunked=False,
-                      **httplib_request_kw):
+        if "timed out" in str(err) or "did not complete (read)" in str(
+            err
+        ):  # Python < 2.7.4
+            raise ReadTimeoutError(
+                self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value
+            )
+
+    def _make_request(
+        self, conn, method, url, timeout=_Default, chunked=False, **httplib_request_kw
+    ):
         """
         Perform a request on a given urllib connection object taken from our
         pool.
@@ -358,7 +385,7 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
         read_timeout = timeout_obj.read_timeout
 
         # App Engine doesn't have a sock attr
-        if getattr(conn, 'sock', None):
+        if getattr(conn, "sock", None):
             # In Python 3 socket.py will catch EAGAIN and return None when you
             # try and read into the file pointer created by http.client, which
             # instead raises a BadStatusLine exception. Instead of catching
@@ -366,7 +393,8 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
             # timeouts, check for a zero timeout before making the request.
             if read_timeout == 0:
                 raise ReadTimeoutError(
-                    self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % read_timeout)
+                    self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % read_timeout
+                )
             if read_timeout is Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
                 conn.sock.settimeout(socket.getdefaulttimeout())
             else:  # None or a value
@@ -381,26 +409,38 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
                 # Python 3
                 try:
                     httplib_response = conn.getresponse()
-                except Exception as e:
-                    # Remove the TypeError from the exception chain in Python 3;
-                    # otherwise it looks like a programming error was the cause.
+                except BaseException as e:
+                    # Remove the TypeError from the exception chain in
+                    # Python 3 (including for exceptions like SystemExit).
+                    # Otherwise it looks like a bug in the code.
                     six.raise_from(e, None)
         except (SocketTimeout, BaseSSLError, SocketError) as e:
             self._raise_timeout(err=e, url=url, timeout_value=read_timeout)
             raise
 
         # AppEngine doesn't have a version attr.
-        http_version = getattr(conn, '_http_vsn_str', 'HTTP/?')
-        log.debug("%s://%s:%s \"%s %s %s\" %s %s", self.scheme, self.host, self.port,
-                  method, url, http_version, httplib_response.status,
-                  httplib_response.length)
+        http_version = getattr(conn, "_http_vsn_str", "HTTP/?")
+        log.debug(
+            '%s://%s:%s "%s %s %s" %s %s',
+            self.scheme,
+            self.host,
+            self.port,
+            method,
+            url,
+            http_version,
+            httplib_response.status,
+            httplib_response.length,
+        )
 
         try:
             assert_header_parsing(httplib_response.msg)
         except (HeaderParsingError, TypeError) as hpe:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
             log.warning(
-                'Failed to parse headers (url=%s): %s',
-                self._absolute_url(url), hpe, exc_info=True)
+                "Failed to parse headers (url=%s): %s",
+                self._absolute_url(url),
+                hpe,
+                exc_info=True,
+            )
 
         return httplib_response
 
@@ -430,7 +470,7 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
         Check if the given ``url`` is a member of the same host as this
         connection pool.
         """
-        if url.startswith('/'):
+        if url.startswith("/"):
             return True
 
         # TODO: Add optional support for socket.gethostbyname checking.
@@ -446,10 +486,22 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
 
         return (scheme, host, port) == (self.scheme, self.host, self.port)
 
-    def urlopen(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None, retries=None,
-                redirect=True, assert_same_host=True, timeout=_Default,
-                pool_timeout=None, release_conn=None, chunked=False,
-                body_pos=None, **response_kw):
+    def urlopen(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        body=None,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=None,
+        redirect=True,
+        assert_same_host=True,
+        timeout=_Default,
+        pool_timeout=None,
+        release_conn=None,
+        chunked=False,
+        body_pos=None,
+        **response_kw
+    ):
         """
         Get a connection from the pool and perform an HTTP request. This is the
         lowest level call for making a request, so you'll need to specify all
@@ -547,7 +599,7 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
             retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect, default=self.retries)
 
         if release_conn is None:
-            release_conn = response_kw.get('preload_content', True)
+            release_conn = response_kw.get("preload_content", True)
 
         # Check host
         if assert_same_host and not self.is_same_host(url):
@@ -569,7 +621,7 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
         # Merge the proxy headers. Only do this in HTTP. We have to copy the
         # headers dict so we can safely change it without those changes being
         # reflected in anyone else's copy.
-        if self.scheme == 'http':
+        if self.scheme == "http":
             headers = headers.copy()
             headers.update(self.proxy_headers)
 
@@ -592,15 +644,22 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
 
             conn.timeout = timeout_obj.connect_timeout
 
-            is_new_proxy_conn = self.proxy is not None and not getattr(conn, 'sock', None)
+            is_new_proxy_conn = self.proxy is not None and not getattr(
+                conn, "sock", None
+            )
             if is_new_proxy_conn:
                 self._prepare_proxy(conn)
 
             # Make the request on the httplib connection object.
-            httplib_response = self._make_request(conn, method, url,
-                                                  timeout=timeout_obj,
-                                                  body=body, headers=headers,
-                                                  chunked=chunked)
+            httplib_response = self._make_request(
+                conn,
+                method,
+                url,
+                timeout=timeout_obj,
+                body=body,
+                headers=headers,
+                chunked=chunked,
+            )
 
             # If we're going to release the connection in ``finally:``, then
             # the response doesn't need to know about the connection. Otherwise
@@ -609,14 +668,16 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
             response_conn = conn if not release_conn else None
 
             # Pass method to Response for length checking
-            response_kw['request_method'] = method
+            response_kw["request_method"] = method
 
             # Import httplib's response into our own wrapper object
-            response = self.ResponseCls.from_httplib(httplib_response,
-                                                     pool=self,
-                                                     connection=response_conn,
-                                                     retries=retries,
-                                                     **response_kw)
+            response = self.ResponseCls.from_httplib(
+                httplib_response,
+                pool=self,
+                connection=response_conn,
+                retries=retries,
+                **response_kw
+            )
 
             # Everything went great!
             clean_exit = True
@@ -625,20 +686,28 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
             # Timed out by queue.
             raise EmptyPoolError(self, "No pool connections are available.")
 
-        except (TimeoutError, HTTPException, SocketError, ProtocolError,
-                BaseSSLError, SSLError, CertificateError) as e:
+        except (
+            TimeoutError,
+            HTTPException,
+            SocketError,
+            ProtocolError,
+            BaseSSLError,
+            SSLError,
+            CertificateError,
+        ) as e:
             # Discard the connection for these exceptions. It will be
             # replaced during the next _get_conn() call.
             clean_exit = False
             if isinstance(e, (BaseSSLError, CertificateError)):
                 e = SSLError(e)
             elif isinstance(e, (SocketError, NewConnectionError)) and self.proxy:
-                e = ProxyError('Cannot connect to proxy.', e)
+                e = ProxyError("Cannot connect to proxy.", e)
             elif isinstance(e, (SocketError, HTTPException)):
-                e = ProtocolError('Connection aborted.', e)
+                e = ProtocolError("Connection aborted.", e)
 
-            retries = retries.increment(method, url, error=e, _pool=self,
-                                        _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2])
+            retries = retries.increment(
+                method, url, error=e, _pool=self, _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2]
+            )
             retries.sleep()
 
             # Keep track of the error for the retry warning.
@@ -661,28 +730,47 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
 
         if not conn:
             # Try again
-            log.warning("Retrying (%r) after connection "
-                        "broken by '%r': %s", retries, err, url)
-            return self.urlopen(method, url, body, headers, retries,
-                                redirect, assert_same_host,
-                                timeout=timeout, pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
-                                release_conn=release_conn, body_pos=body_pos,
-                                **response_kw)
+            log.warning(
+                "Retrying (%r) after connection " "broken by '%r': %s",
+                retries,
+                err,
+                url,
+            )
+            return self.urlopen(
+                method,
+                url,
+                body,
+                headers,
+                retries,
+                redirect,
+                assert_same_host,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
+                release_conn=release_conn,
+                body_pos=body_pos,
+                **response_kw
+            )
 
         def drain_and_release_conn(response):
             try:
                 # discard any remaining response body, the connection will be
                 # released back to the pool once the entire response is read
                 response.read()
-            except (TimeoutError, HTTPException, SocketError, ProtocolError,
-                    BaseSSLError, SSLError):
+            except (
+                TimeoutError,
+                HTTPException,
+                SocketError,
+                ProtocolError,
+                BaseSSLError,
+                SSLError,
+            ):
                 pass
 
         # Handle redirect?
         redirect_location = redirect and response.get_redirect_location()
         if redirect_location:
             if response.status == 303:
-                method = 'GET'
+                method = "GET"
 
             try:
                 retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=response, _pool=self)
@@ -700,15 +788,22 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
             retries.sleep_for_retry(response)
             log.debug("Redirecting %s -> %s", url, redirect_location)
             return self.urlopen(
-                method, redirect_location, body, headers,
-                retries=retries, redirect=redirect,
+                method,
+                redirect_location,
+                body,
+                headers,
+                retries=retries,
+                redirect=redirect,
                 assert_same_host=assert_same_host,
-                timeout=timeout, pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
-                release_conn=release_conn, body_pos=body_pos,
-                **response_kw)
+                timeout=timeout,
+                pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
+                release_conn=release_conn,
+                body_pos=body_pos,
+                **response_kw
+            )
 
         # Check if we should retry the HTTP response.
-        has_retry_after = bool(response.getheader('Retry-After'))
+        has_retry_after = bool(response.getheader("Retry-After"))
         if retries.is_retry(method, response.status, has_retry_after):
             try:
                 retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=response, _pool=self)
@@ -726,12 +821,19 @@ class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
             retries.sleep(response)
             log.debug("Retry: %s", url)
             return self.urlopen(
-                method, url, body, headers,
-                retries=retries, redirect=redirect,
+                method,
+                url,
+                body,
+                headers,
+                retries=retries,
+                redirect=redirect,
                 assert_same_host=assert_same_host,
-                timeout=timeout, pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
                 release_conn=release_conn,
-                body_pos=body_pos, **response_kw)
+                body_pos=body_pos,
+                **response_kw
+            )
 
         return response
 
@@ -754,21 +856,47 @@ class HTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
     the connection socket into an SSL socket.
     """
 
-    scheme = 'https'
+    scheme = "https"
     ConnectionCls = HTTPSConnection
 
-    def __init__(self, host, port=None,
-                 strict=False, timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, maxsize=1,
-                 block=False, headers=None, retries=None,
-                 _proxy=None, _proxy_headers=None,
-                 key_file=None, cert_file=None, cert_reqs=None,
-                 key_password=None, ca_certs=None, ssl_version=None,
-                 assert_hostname=None, assert_fingerprint=None,
-                 ca_cert_dir=None, **conn_kw):
-
-        HTTPConnectionPool.__init__(self, host, port, strict, timeout, maxsize,
-                                    block, headers, retries, _proxy, _proxy_headers,
-                                    **conn_kw)
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host,
+        port=None,
+        strict=False,
+        timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+        maxsize=1,
+        block=False,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=None,
+        _proxy=None,
+        _proxy_headers=None,
+        key_file=None,
+        cert_file=None,
+        cert_reqs=None,
+        key_password=None,
+        ca_certs=None,
+        ssl_version=None,
+        assert_hostname=None,
+        assert_fingerprint=None,
+        ca_cert_dir=None,
+        **conn_kw
+    ):
+
+        HTTPConnectionPool.__init__(
+            self,
+            host,
+            port,
+            strict,
+            timeout,
+            maxsize,
+            block,
+            headers,
+            retries,
+            _proxy,
+            _proxy_headers,
+            **conn_kw
+        )
 
         self.key_file = key_file
         self.cert_file = cert_file
@@ -787,14 +915,16 @@ class HTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
         """
 
         if isinstance(conn, VerifiedHTTPSConnection):
-            conn.set_cert(key_file=self.key_file,
-                          key_password=self.key_password,
-                          cert_file=self.cert_file,
-                          cert_reqs=self.cert_reqs,
-                          ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
-                          ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
-                          assert_hostname=self.assert_hostname,
-                          assert_fingerprint=self.assert_fingerprint)
+            conn.set_cert(
+                key_file=self.key_file,
+                key_password=self.key_password,
+                cert_file=self.cert_file,
+                cert_reqs=self.cert_reqs,
+                ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
+                ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
+                assert_hostname=self.assert_hostname,
+                assert_fingerprint=self.assert_fingerprint,
+            )
             conn.ssl_version = self.ssl_version
         return conn
 
@@ -811,12 +941,17 @@ class HTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
         Return a fresh :class:`httplib.HTTPSConnection`.
         """
         self.num_connections += 1
-        log.debug("Starting new HTTPS connection (%d): %s:%s",
-                  self.num_connections, self.host, self.port or "443")
+        log.debug(
+            "Starting new HTTPS connection (%d): %s:%s",
+            self.num_connections,
+            self.host,
+            self.port or "443",
+        )
 
         if not self.ConnectionCls or self.ConnectionCls is DummyConnection:
-            raise SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL "
-                           "module is not available.")
+            raise SSLError(
+                "Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL " "module is not available."
+            )
 
         actual_host = self.host
         actual_port = self.port
@@ -824,11 +959,16 @@ class HTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
             actual_host = self.proxy.host
             actual_port = self.proxy.port
 
-        conn = self.ConnectionCls(host=actual_host, port=actual_port,
-                                  timeout=self.timeout.connect_timeout,
-                                  strict=self.strict, cert_file=self.cert_file,
-                                  key_file=self.key_file, key_password=self.key_password,
-                                  **self.conn_kw)
+        conn = self.ConnectionCls(
+            host=actual_host,
+            port=actual_port,
+            timeout=self.timeout.connect_timeout,
+            strict=self.strict,
+            cert_file=self.cert_file,
+            key_file=self.key_file,
+            key_password=self.key_password,
+            **self.conn_kw
+        )
 
         return self._prepare_conn(conn)
 
@@ -839,16 +979,19 @@ class HTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
         super(HTTPSConnectionPool, self)._validate_conn(conn)
 
         # Force connect early to allow us to validate the connection.
-        if not getattr(conn, 'sock', None):  # AppEngine might not have  `.sock`
+        if not getattr(conn, "sock", None):  # AppEngine might not have  `.sock`
             conn.connect()
 
         if not conn.is_verified:
-            warnings.warn((
-                'Unverified HTTPS request is being made. '
-                'Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: '
-                'https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html'
-                '#ssl-warnings'),
-                InsecureRequestWarning)
+            warnings.warn(
+                (
+                    "Unverified HTTPS request is being made. "
+                    "Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: "
+                    "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html"
+                    "#ssl-warnings"
+                ),
+                InsecureRequestWarning,
+            )
 
 
 def connection_from_url(url, **kw):
@@ -873,7 +1016,7 @@ def connection_from_url(url, **kw):
     """
     scheme, host, port = get_host(url)
     port = port or port_by_scheme.get(scheme, 80)
-    if scheme == 'https':
+    if scheme == "https":
         return HTTPSConnectionPool(host, port=port, **kw)
     else:
         return HTTPConnectionPool(host, port=port, **kw)
@@ -890,8 +1033,8 @@ def _normalize_host(host, scheme):
     # Instead, we need to make sure we never pass ``None`` as the port.
     # However, for backward compatibility reasons we can't actually
     # *assert* that.  See http://bugs.python.org/issue28539
-    if host.startswith('[') and host.endswith(']'):
-        host = host.strip('[]')
+    if host.startswith("[") and host.endswith("]"):
+        host = host.strip("[]")
     if scheme in NORMALIZABLE_SCHEMES:
         host = normalize_host(host)
     return host
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/contrib/_appengine_environ.py b/lib/urllib3/contrib/_appengine_environ.py
index f3e0094..c909010 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/contrib/_appengine_environ.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/contrib/_appengine_environ.py
@@ -6,9 +6,7 @@ import os
 
 
 def is_appengine():
-    return (is_local_appengine() or
-            is_prod_appengine() or
-            is_prod_appengine_mvms())
+    return is_local_appengine() or is_prod_appengine() or is_prod_appengine_mvms()
 
 
 def is_appengine_sandbox():
@@ -16,15 +14,19 @@ def is_appengine_sandbox():
 
 
 def is_local_appengine():
-    return ('APPENGINE_RUNTIME' in os.environ and
-            'Development/' in os.environ['SERVER_SOFTWARE'])
+    return (
+        "APPENGINE_RUNTIME" in os.environ
+        and "Development/" in os.environ["SERVER_SOFTWARE"]
+    )
 
 
 def is_prod_appengine():
-    return ('APPENGINE_RUNTIME' in os.environ and
-            'Google App Engine/' in os.environ['SERVER_SOFTWARE'] and
-            not is_prod_appengine_mvms())
+    return (
+        "APPENGINE_RUNTIME" in os.environ
+        and "Google App Engine/" in os.environ["SERVER_SOFTWARE"]
+        and not is_prod_appengine_mvms()
+    )
 
 
 def is_prod_appengine_mvms():
-    return os.environ.get('GAE_VM', False) == 'true'
+    return os.environ.get("GAE_VM", False) == "true"
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/contrib/_securetransport/bindings.py b/lib/urllib3/contrib/_securetransport/bindings.py
index be34215..b46e1e3 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/contrib/_securetransport/bindings.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/contrib/_securetransport/bindings.py
@@ -34,29 +34,35 @@ from __future__ import absolute_import
 import platform
 from ctypes.util import find_library
 from ctypes import (
-    c_void_p, c_int32, c_char_p, c_size_t, c_byte, c_uint32, c_ulong, c_long,
-    c_bool
+    c_void_p,
+    c_int32,
+    c_char_p,
+    c_size_t,
+    c_byte,
+    c_uint32,
+    c_ulong,
+    c_long,
+    c_bool,
 )
 from ctypes import CDLL, POINTER, CFUNCTYPE
 
 
-security_path = find_library('Security')
+security_path = find_library("Security")
 if not security_path:
-    raise ImportError('The library Security could not be found')
+    raise ImportError("The library Security could not be found")
 
 
-core_foundation_path = find_library('CoreFoundation')
+core_foundation_path = find_library("CoreFoundation")
 if not core_foundation_path:
-    raise ImportError('The library CoreFoundation could not be found')
+    raise ImportError("The library CoreFoundation could not be found")
 
 
 version = platform.mac_ver()[0]
-version_info = tuple(map(int, version.split('.')))
+version_info = tuple(map(int, version.split(".")))
 if version_info < (10, 8):
     raise OSError(
-        'Only OS X 10.8 and newer are supported, not %s.%s' % (
-            version_info[0], version_info[1]
-        )
+        "Only OS X 10.8 and newer are supported, not %s.%s"
+        % (version_info[0], version_info[1])
     )
 
 Security = CDLL(security_path, use_errno=True)
@@ -129,27 +135,19 @@ try:
     Security.SecKeyGetTypeID.argtypes = []
     Security.SecKeyGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID
 
-    Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData.argtypes = [
-        CFAllocatorRef,
-        CFDataRef
-    ]
+    Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData.argtypes = [CFAllocatorRef, CFDataRef]
     Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData.restype = SecCertificateRef
 
-    Security.SecCertificateCopyData.argtypes = [
-        SecCertificateRef
-    ]
+    Security.SecCertificateCopyData.argtypes = [SecCertificateRef]
     Security.SecCertificateCopyData.restype = CFDataRef
 
-    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.argtypes = [
-        OSStatus,
-        c_void_p
-    ]
+    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.argtypes = [OSStatus, c_void_p]
     Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.restype = CFStringRef
 
     Security.SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate.argtypes = [
         CFTypeRef,
         SecCertificateRef,
-        POINTER(SecIdentityRef)
+        POINTER(SecIdentityRef),
     ]
     Security.SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate.restype = OSStatus
 
@@ -159,201 +157,126 @@ try:
         c_void_p,
         Boolean,
         c_void_p,
-        POINTER(SecKeychainRef)
+        POINTER(SecKeychainRef),
     ]
     Security.SecKeychainCreate.restype = OSStatus
 
-    Security.SecKeychainDelete.argtypes = [
-        SecKeychainRef
-    ]
+    Security.SecKeychainDelete.argtypes = [SecKeychainRef]
     Security.SecKeychainDelete.restype = OSStatus
 
     Security.SecPKCS12Import.argtypes = [
         CFDataRef,
         CFDictionaryRef,
-        POINTER(CFArrayRef)
+        POINTER(CFArrayRef),
     ]
     Security.SecPKCS12Import.restype = OSStatus
 
     SSLReadFunc = CFUNCTYPE(OSStatus, SSLConnectionRef, c_void_p, POINTER(c_size_t))
-    SSLWriteFunc = CFUNCTYPE(OSStatus, SSLConnectionRef, POINTER(c_byte), POINTER(c_size_t))
+    SSLWriteFunc = CFUNCTYPE(
+        OSStatus, SSLConnectionRef, POINTER(c_byte), POINTER(c_size_t)
+    )
 
-    Security.SSLSetIOFuncs.argtypes = [
-        SSLContextRef,
-        SSLReadFunc,
-        SSLWriteFunc
-    ]
+    Security.SSLSetIOFuncs.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLReadFunc, SSLWriteFunc]
     Security.SSLSetIOFuncs.restype = OSStatus
 
-    Security.SSLSetPeerID.argtypes = [
-        SSLContextRef,
-        c_char_p,
-        c_size_t
-    ]
+    Security.SSLSetPeerID.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t]
     Security.SSLSetPeerID.restype = OSStatus
 
-    Security.SSLSetCertificate.argtypes = [
-        SSLContextRef,
-        CFArrayRef
-    ]
+    Security.SSLSetCertificate.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, CFArrayRef]
     Security.SSLSetCertificate.restype = OSStatus
 
-    Security.SSLSetCertificateAuthorities.argtypes = [
-        SSLContextRef,
-        CFTypeRef,
-        Boolean
-    ]
+    Security.SSLSetCertificateAuthorities.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, CFTypeRef, Boolean]
     Security.SSLSetCertificateAuthorities.restype = OSStatus
 
-    Security.SSLSetConnection.argtypes = [
-        SSLContextRef,
-        SSLConnectionRef
-    ]
+    Security.SSLSetConnection.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLConnectionRef]
     Security.SSLSetConnection.restype = OSStatus
 
-    Security.SSLSetPeerDomainName.argtypes = [
-        SSLContextRef,
-        c_char_p,
-        c_size_t
-    ]
+    Security.SSLSetPeerDomainName.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t]
     Security.SSLSetPeerDomainName.restype = OSStatus
 
-    Security.SSLHandshake.argtypes = [
-        SSLContextRef
-    ]
+    Security.SSLHandshake.argtypes = [SSLContextRef]
     Security.SSLHandshake.restype = OSStatus
 
-    Security.SSLRead.argtypes = [
-        SSLContextRef,
-        c_char_p,
-        c_size_t,
-        POINTER(c_size_t)
-    ]
+    Security.SSLRead.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t, POINTER(c_size_t)]
     Security.SSLRead.restype = OSStatus
 
-    Security.SSLWrite.argtypes = [
-        SSLContextRef,
-        c_char_p,
-        c_size_t,
-        POINTER(c_size_t)
-    ]
+    Security.SSLWrite.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t, POINTER(c_size_t)]
     Security.SSLWrite.restype = OSStatus
 
-    Security.SSLClose.argtypes = [
-        SSLContextRef
-    ]
+    Security.SSLClose.argtypes = [SSLContextRef]
     Security.SSLClose.restype = OSStatus
 
-    Security.SSLGetNumberSupportedCiphers.argtypes = [
-        SSLContextRef,
-        POINTER(c_size_t)
-    ]
+    Security.SSLGetNumberSupportedCiphers.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(c_size_t)]
     Security.SSLGetNumberSupportedCiphers.restype = OSStatus
 
     Security.SSLGetSupportedCiphers.argtypes = [
         SSLContextRef,
         POINTER(SSLCipherSuite),
-        POINTER(c_size_t)
+        POINTER(c_size_t),
     ]
     Security.SSLGetSupportedCiphers.restype = OSStatus
 
     Security.SSLSetEnabledCiphers.argtypes = [
         SSLContextRef,
         POINTER(SSLCipherSuite),
-        c_size_t
+        c_size_t,
     ]
     Security.SSLSetEnabledCiphers.restype = OSStatus
 
-    Security.SSLGetNumberEnabledCiphers.argtype = [
-        SSLContextRef,
-        POINTER(c_size_t)
-    ]
+    Security.SSLGetNumberEnabledCiphers.argtype = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(c_size_t)]
     Security.SSLGetNumberEnabledCiphers.restype = OSStatus
 
     Security.SSLGetEnabledCiphers.argtypes = [
         SSLContextRef,
         POINTER(SSLCipherSuite),
-        POINTER(c_size_t)
+        POINTER(c_size_t),
     ]
     Security.SSLGetEnabledCiphers.restype = OSStatus
 
-    Security.SSLGetNegotiatedCipher.argtypes = [
-        SSLContextRef,
-        POINTER(SSLCipherSuite)
-    ]
+    Security.SSLGetNegotiatedCipher.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(SSLCipherSuite)]
     Security.SSLGetNegotiatedCipher.restype = OSStatus
 
     Security.SSLGetNegotiatedProtocolVersion.argtypes = [
         SSLContextRef,
-        POINTER(SSLProtocol)
+        POINTER(SSLProtocol),
     ]
     Security.SSLGetNegotiatedProtocolVersion.restype = OSStatus
 
-    Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust.argtypes = [
-        SSLContextRef,
-        POINTER(SecTrustRef)
-    ]
+    Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(SecTrustRef)]
     Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust.restype = OSStatus
 
-    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.argtypes = [
-        SecTrustRef,
-        CFArrayRef
-    ]
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, CFArrayRef]
     Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.restype = OSStatus
 
-    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly.argstypes = [
-        SecTrustRef,
-        Boolean
-    ]
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly.argstypes = [SecTrustRef, Boolean]
     Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly.restype = OSStatus
 
-    Security.SecTrustEvaluate.argtypes = [
-        SecTrustRef,
-        POINTER(SecTrustResultType)
-    ]
+    Security.SecTrustEvaluate.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, POINTER(SecTrustResultType)]
     Security.SecTrustEvaluate.restype = OSStatus
 
-    Security.SecTrustGetCertificateCount.argtypes = [
-        SecTrustRef
-    ]
+    Security.SecTrustGetCertificateCount.argtypes = [SecTrustRef]
     Security.SecTrustGetCertificateCount.restype = CFIndex
 
-    Security.SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex.argtypes = [
-        SecTrustRef,
-        CFIndex
-    ]
+    Security.SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, CFIndex]
     Security.SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex.restype = SecCertificateRef
 
     Security.SSLCreateContext.argtypes = [
         CFAllocatorRef,
         SSLProtocolSide,
-        SSLConnectionType
+        SSLConnectionType,
     ]
     Security.SSLCreateContext.restype = SSLContextRef
 
-    Security.SSLSetSessionOption.argtypes = [
-        SSLContextRef,
-        SSLSessionOption,
-        Boolean
-    ]
+    Security.SSLSetSessionOption.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLSessionOption, Boolean]
     Security.SSLSetSessionOption.restype = OSStatus
 
-    Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMin.argtypes = [
-        SSLContextRef,
-        SSLProtocol
-    ]
+    Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMin.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLProtocol]
     Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMin.restype = OSStatus
 
-    Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMax.argtypes = [
-        SSLContextRef,
-        SSLProtocol
-    ]
+    Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMax.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLProtocol]
     Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMax.restype = OSStatus
 
-    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.argtypes = [
-        OSStatus,
-        c_void_p
-    ]
+    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.argtypes = [OSStatus, c_void_p]
     Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.restype = CFStringRef
 
     Security.SSLReadFunc = SSLReadFunc
@@ -369,64 +292,47 @@ try:
     Security.OSStatus = OSStatus
 
     Security.kSecImportExportPassphrase = CFStringRef.in_dll(
-        Security, 'kSecImportExportPassphrase'
+        Security, "kSecImportExportPassphrase"
     )
     Security.kSecImportItemIdentity = CFStringRef.in_dll(
-        Security, 'kSecImportItemIdentity'
+        Security, "kSecImportItemIdentity"
     )
 
     # CoreFoundation time!
-    CoreFoundation.CFRetain.argtypes = [
-        CFTypeRef
-    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFRetain.argtypes = [CFTypeRef]
     CoreFoundation.CFRetain.restype = CFTypeRef
 
-    CoreFoundation.CFRelease.argtypes = [
-        CFTypeRef
-    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFRelease.argtypes = [CFTypeRef]
     CoreFoundation.CFRelease.restype = None
 
-    CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID.argtypes = [
-        CFTypeRef
-    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID.argtypes = [CFTypeRef]
     CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID
 
     CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString.argtypes = [
         CFAllocatorRef,
         c_char_p,
-        CFStringEncoding
+        CFStringEncoding,
     ]
     CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString.restype = CFStringRef
 
-    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr.argtypes = [
-        CFStringRef,
-        CFStringEncoding
-    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr.argtypes = [CFStringRef, CFStringEncoding]
     CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr.restype = c_char_p
 
     CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString.argtypes = [
         CFStringRef,
         c_char_p,
         CFIndex,
-        CFStringEncoding
+        CFStringEncoding,
     ]
     CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString.restype = c_bool
 
-    CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate.argtypes = [
-        CFAllocatorRef,
-        c_char_p,
-        CFIndex
-    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate.argtypes = [CFAllocatorRef, c_char_p, CFIndex]
     CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate.restype = CFDataRef
 
-    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength.argtypes = [
-        CFDataRef
-    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength.argtypes = [CFDataRef]
     CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength.restype = CFIndex
 
-    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr.argtypes = [
-        CFDataRef
-    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr.argtypes = [CFDataRef]
     CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr.restype = c_void_p
 
     CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryCreate.argtypes = [
@@ -435,14 +341,11 @@ try:
         POINTER(CFTypeRef),
         CFIndex,
         CFDictionaryKeyCallBacks,
-        CFDictionaryValueCallBacks
+        CFDictionaryValueCallBacks,
     ]
     CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryCreate.restype = CFDictionaryRef
 
-    CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryGetValue.argtypes = [
-        CFDictionaryRef,
-        CFTypeRef
-    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryGetValue.argtypes = [CFDictionaryRef, CFTypeRef]
     CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryGetValue.restype = CFTypeRef
 
     CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreate.argtypes = [
@@ -456,36 +359,30 @@ try:
     CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable.argtypes = [
         CFAllocatorRef,
         CFIndex,
-        CFArrayCallBacks
+        CFArrayCallBacks,
     ]
     CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable.restype = CFMutableArrayRef
 
-    CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue.argtypes = [
-        CFMutableArrayRef,
-        c_void_p
-    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue.argtypes = [CFMutableArrayRef, c_void_p]
     CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue.restype = None
 
-    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount.argtypes = [
-        CFArrayRef
-    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount.argtypes = [CFArrayRef]
     CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount.restype = CFIndex
 
-    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex.argtypes = [
-        CFArrayRef,
-        CFIndex
-    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex.argtypes = [CFArrayRef, CFIndex]
     CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex.restype = c_void_p
 
     CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault = CFAllocatorRef.in_dll(
-        CoreFoundation, 'kCFAllocatorDefault'
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFAllocatorDefault"
+    )
+    CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll(
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFTypeArrayCallBacks"
     )
-    CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll(CoreFoundation, 'kCFTypeArrayCallBacks')
     CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll(
-        CoreFoundation, 'kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks'
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks"
     )
     CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll(
-        CoreFoundation, 'kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks'
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks"
     )
 
     CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef = CFTypeRef
@@ -494,7 +391,7 @@ try:
     CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryRef = CFDictionaryRef
 
 except (AttributeError):
-    raise ImportError('Error initializing ctypes')
+    raise ImportError("Error initializing ctypes")
 
 
 class CFConst(object):
@@ -502,6 +399,7 @@ class CFConst(object):
     A class object that acts as essentially a namespace for CoreFoundation
     constants.
     """
+
     kCFStringEncodingUTF8 = CFStringEncoding(0x08000100)
 
 
@@ -509,6 +407,7 @@ class SecurityConst(object):
     """
     A class object that acts as essentially a namespace for Security constants.
     """
+
     kSSLSessionOptionBreakOnServerAuth = 0
 
     kSSLProtocol2 = 1
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/contrib/_securetransport/low_level.py b/lib/urllib3/contrib/_securetransport/low_level.py
index b13cd9e..e60168c 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/contrib/_securetransport/low_level.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/contrib/_securetransport/low_level.py
@@ -66,22 +66,18 @@ def _cf_string_to_unicode(value):
     value_as_void_p = ctypes.cast(value, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_void_p))
 
     string = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr(
-        value_as_void_p,
-        CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8
+        value_as_void_p, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8
     )
     if string is None:
         buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(1024)
         result = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString(
-            value_as_void_p,
-            buffer,
-            1024,
-            CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8
+            value_as_void_p, buffer, 1024, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8
         )
         if not result:
-            raise OSError('Error copying C string from CFStringRef')
+            raise OSError("Error copying C string from CFStringRef")
         string = buffer.value
     if string is not None:
-        string = string.decode('utf-8')
+        string = string.decode("utf-8")
     return string
 
 
@@ -97,8 +93,8 @@ def _assert_no_error(error, exception_class=None):
     output = _cf_string_to_unicode(cf_error_string)
     CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_error_string)
 
-    if output is None or output == u'':
-        output = u'OSStatus %s' % error
+    if output is None or output == u"":
+        output = u"OSStatus %s" % error
 
     if exception_class is None:
         exception_class = ssl.SSLError
@@ -115,8 +111,7 @@ def _cert_array_from_pem(pem_bundle):
     pem_bundle = pem_bundle.replace(b"\r\n", b"\n")
 
     der_certs = [
-        base64.b64decode(match.group(1))
-        for match in _PEM_CERTS_RE.finditer(pem_bundle)
+        base64.b64decode(match.group(1)) for match in _PEM_CERTS_RE.finditer(pem_bundle)
     ]
     if not der_certs:
         raise ssl.SSLError("No root certificates specified")
@@ -124,7 +119,7 @@ def _cert_array_from_pem(pem_bundle):
     cert_array = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable(
         CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
         0,
-        ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks)
+        ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks),
     )
     if not cert_array:
         raise ssl.SSLError("Unable to allocate memory!")
@@ -186,21 +181,16 @@ def _temporary_keychain():
     # some random bytes to password-protect the keychain we're creating, so we
     # ask for 40 random bytes.
     random_bytes = os.urandom(40)
-    filename = base64.b16encode(random_bytes[:8]).decode('utf-8')
+    filename = base64.b16encode(random_bytes[:8]).decode("utf-8")
     password = base64.b16encode(random_bytes[8:])  # Must be valid UTF-8
     tempdirectory = tempfile.mkdtemp()
 
-    keychain_path = os.path.join(tempdirectory, filename).encode('utf-8')
+    keychain_path = os.path.join(tempdirectory, filename).encode("utf-8")
 
     # We now want to create the keychain itself.
     keychain = Security.SecKeychainRef()
     status = Security.SecKeychainCreate(
-        keychain_path,
-        len(password),
-        password,
-        False,
-        None,
-        ctypes.byref(keychain)
+        keychain_path, len(password), password, False, None, ctypes.byref(keychain)
     )
     _assert_no_error(status)
 
@@ -219,14 +209,12 @@ def _load_items_from_file(keychain, path):
     identities = []
     result_array = None
 
-    with open(path, 'rb') as f:
+    with open(path, "rb") as f:
         raw_filedata = f.read()
 
     try:
         filedata = CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate(
-            CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
-            raw_filedata,
-            len(raw_filedata)
+            CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, raw_filedata, len(raw_filedata)
         )
         result_array = CoreFoundation.CFArrayRef()
         result = Security.SecItemImport(
@@ -237,7 +225,7 @@ def _load_items_from_file(keychain, path):
             0,  # import flags
             None,  # key params, can include passphrase in the future
             keychain,  # The keychain to insert into
-            ctypes.byref(result_array)  # Results
+            ctypes.byref(result_array),  # Results
         )
         _assert_no_error(result)
 
@@ -247,9 +235,7 @@ def _load_items_from_file(keychain, path):
         # keychain already has them!
         result_count = CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount(result_array)
         for index in range(result_count):
-            item = CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(
-                result_array, index
-            )
+            item = CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(result_array, index)
             item = ctypes.cast(item, CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef)
 
             if _is_cert(item):
@@ -307,9 +293,7 @@ def _load_client_cert_chain(keychain, *paths):
 
     try:
         for file_path in paths:
-            new_identities, new_certs = _load_items_from_file(
-                keychain, file_path
-            )
+            new_identities, new_certs = _load_items_from_file(keychain, file_path)
             identities.extend(new_identities)
             certificates.extend(new_certs)
 
@@ -318,9 +302,7 @@ def _load_client_cert_chain(keychain, *paths):
         if not identities:
             new_identity = Security.SecIdentityRef()
             status = Security.SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate(
-                keychain,
-                certificates[0],
-                ctypes.byref(new_identity)
+                keychain, certificates[0], ctypes.byref(new_identity)
             )
             _assert_no_error(status)
             identities.append(new_identity)
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/contrib/appengine.py b/lib/urllib3/contrib/appengine.py
index 2952f11..01c9140 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/contrib/appengine.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/contrib/appengine.py
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ from ..exceptions import (
     MaxRetryError,
     ProtocolError,
     TimeoutError,
-    SSLError
+    SSLError,
 )
 
 from ..request import RequestMethods
@@ -96,23 +96,31 @@ class AppEngineManager(RequestMethods):
     Beyond those cases, it will raise normal urllib3 errors.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, headers=None, retries=None, validate_certificate=True,
-                 urlfetch_retries=True):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=None,
+        validate_certificate=True,
+        urlfetch_retries=True,
+    ):
         if not urlfetch:
             raise AppEnginePlatformError(
-                "URLFetch is not available in this environment.")
+                "URLFetch is not available in this environment."
+            )
 
         if is_prod_appengine_mvms():
             raise AppEnginePlatformError(
                 "Use normal urllib3.PoolManager instead of AppEngineManager"
                 "on Managed VMs, as using URLFetch is not necessary in "
-                "this environment.")
+                "this environment."
+            )
 
         warnings.warn(
             "urllib3 is using URLFetch on Google App Engine sandbox instead "
             "of sockets. To use sockets directly instead of URLFetch see "
             "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/urllib3.contrib.html.",
-            AppEnginePlatformWarning)
+            AppEnginePlatformWarning,
+        )
 
         RequestMethods.__init__(self, headers)
         self.validate_certificate = validate_certificate
@@ -127,17 +135,22 @@ class AppEngineManager(RequestMethods):
         # Return False to re-raise any potential exceptions
         return False
 
-    def urlopen(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None,
-                retries=None, redirect=True, timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
-                **response_kw):
+    def urlopen(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        body=None,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=None,
+        redirect=True,
+        timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+        **response_kw
+    ):
 
         retries = self._get_retries(retries, redirect)
 
         try:
-            follow_redirects = (
-                    redirect and
-                    retries.redirect != 0 and
-                    retries.total)
+            follow_redirects = redirect and retries.redirect != 0 and retries.total
             response = urlfetch.fetch(
                 url,
                 payload=body,
@@ -152,44 +165,52 @@ class AppEngineManager(RequestMethods):
             raise TimeoutError(self, e)
 
         except urlfetch.InvalidURLError as e:
-            if 'too large' in str(e):
+            if "too large" in str(e):
                 raise AppEnginePlatformError(
                     "URLFetch request too large, URLFetch only "
-                    "supports requests up to 10mb in size.", e)
+                    "supports requests up to 10mb in size.",
+                    e,
+                )
             raise ProtocolError(e)
 
         except urlfetch.DownloadError as e:
-            if 'Too many redirects' in str(e):
+            if "Too many redirects" in str(e):
                 raise MaxRetryError(self, url, reason=e)
             raise ProtocolError(e)
 
         except urlfetch.ResponseTooLargeError as e:
             raise AppEnginePlatformError(
                 "URLFetch response too large, URLFetch only supports"
-                "responses up to 32mb in size.", e)
+                "responses up to 32mb in size.",
+                e,
+            )
 
         except urlfetch.SSLCertificateError as e:
             raise SSLError(e)
 
         except urlfetch.InvalidMethodError as e:
             raise AppEnginePlatformError(
-                "URLFetch does not support method: %s" % method, e)
+                "URLFetch does not support method: %s" % method, e
+            )
 
         http_response = self._urlfetch_response_to_http_response(
-            response, retries=retries, **response_kw)
+            response, retries=retries, **response_kw
+        )
 
         # Handle redirect?
         redirect_location = redirect and http_response.get_redirect_location()
         if redirect_location:
             # Check for redirect response
-            if (self.urlfetch_retries and retries.raise_on_redirect):
+            if self.urlfetch_retries and retries.raise_on_redirect:
                 raise MaxRetryError(self, url, "too many redirects")
             else:
                 if http_response.status == 303:
-                    method = 'GET'
+                    method = "GET"
 
                 try:
-                    retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=http_response, _pool=self)
+                    retries = retries.increment(
+                        method, url, response=http_response, _pool=self
+                    )
                 except MaxRetryError:
                     if retries.raise_on_redirect:
                         raise MaxRetryError(self, url, "too many redirects")
@@ -199,22 +220,32 @@ class AppEngineManager(RequestMethods):
                 log.debug("Redirecting %s -> %s", url, redirect_location)
                 redirect_url = urljoin(url, redirect_location)
                 return self.urlopen(
-                    method, redirect_url, body, headers,
-                    retries=retries, redirect=redirect,
-                    timeout=timeout, **response_kw)
+                    method,
+                    redirect_url,
+                    body,
+                    headers,
+                    retries=retries,
+                    redirect=redirect,
+                    timeout=timeout,
+                    **response_kw
+                )
 
         # Check if we should retry the HTTP response.
-        has_retry_after = bool(http_response.getheader('Retry-After'))
+        has_retry_after = bool(http_response.getheader("Retry-After"))
         if retries.is_retry(method, http_response.status, has_retry_after):
-            retries = retries.increment(
-                method, url, response=http_response, _pool=self)
+            retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=http_response, _pool=self)
             log.debug("Retry: %s", url)
             retries.sleep(http_response)
             return self.urlopen(
-                method, url,
-                body=body, headers=headers,
-                retries=retries, redirect=redirect,
-                timeout=timeout, **response_kw)
+                method,
+                url,
+                body=body,
+                headers=headers,
+                retries=retries,
+                redirect=redirect,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                **response_kw
+            )
 
         return http_response
 
@@ -223,18 +254,18 @@ class AppEngineManager(RequestMethods):
         if is_prod_appengine():
             # Production GAE handles deflate encoding automatically, but does
             # not remove the encoding header.
-            content_encoding = urlfetch_resp.headers.get('content-encoding')
+            content_encoding = urlfetch_resp.headers.get("content-encoding")
 
-            if content_encoding == 'deflate':
-                del urlfetch_resp.headers['content-encoding']
+            if content_encoding == "deflate":
+                del urlfetch_resp.headers["content-encoding"]
 
-        transfer_encoding = urlfetch_resp.headers.get('transfer-encoding')
+        transfer_encoding = urlfetch_resp.headers.get("transfer-encoding")
         # We have a full response's content,
         # so let's make sure we don't report ourselves as chunked data.
-        if transfer_encoding == 'chunked':
+        if transfer_encoding == "chunked":
             encodings = transfer_encoding.split(",")
-            encodings.remove('chunked')
-            urlfetch_resp.headers['transfer-encoding'] = ','.join(encodings)
+            encodings.remove("chunked")
+            urlfetch_resp.headers["transfer-encoding"] = ",".join(encodings)
 
         original_response = HTTPResponse(
             # In order for decoding to work, we must present the content as
@@ -262,20 +293,21 @@ class AppEngineManager(RequestMethods):
                 warnings.warn(
                     "URLFetch does not support granular timeout settings, "
                     "reverting to total or default URLFetch timeout.",
-                    AppEnginePlatformWarning)
+                    AppEnginePlatformWarning,
+                )
             return timeout.total
         return timeout
 
     def _get_retries(self, retries, redirect):
         if not isinstance(retries, Retry):
-            retries = Retry.from_int(
-                retries, redirect=redirect, default=self.retries)
+            retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect, default=self.retries)
 
         if retries.connect or retries.read or retries.redirect:
             warnings.warn(
                 "URLFetch only supports total retries and does not "
                 "recognize connect, read, or redirect retry parameters.",
-                AppEnginePlatformWarning)
+                AppEnginePlatformWarning,
+            )
 
         return retries
 
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/contrib/ntlmpool.py b/lib/urllib3/contrib/ntlmpool.py
index 8ea127c..9c96be2 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/contrib/ntlmpool.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/contrib/ntlmpool.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class NTLMConnectionPool(HTTPSConnectionPool):
     Implements an NTLM authentication version of an urllib3 connection pool
     """
 
-    scheme = 'https'
+    scheme = "https"
 
     def __init__(self, user, pw, authurl, *args, **kwargs):
         """
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class NTLMConnectionPool(HTTPSConnectionPool):
         super(NTLMConnectionPool, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         self.authurl = authurl
         self.rawuser = user
-        user_parts = user.split('\\', 1)
+        user_parts = user.split("\\", 1)
         self.domain = user_parts[0].upper()
         self.user = user_parts[1]
         self.pw = pw
@@ -40,72 +40,84 @@ class NTLMConnectionPool(HTTPSConnectionPool):
         # Performs the NTLM handshake that secures the connection. The socket
         # must be kept open while requests are performed.
         self.num_connections += 1
-        log.debug('Starting NTLM HTTPS connection no. %d: https://%s%s',
-                  self.num_connections, self.host, self.authurl)
+        log.debug(
+            "Starting NTLM HTTPS connection no. %d: https://%s%s",
+            self.num_connections,
+            self.host,
+            self.authurl,
+        )
 
-        headers = {'Connection': 'Keep-Alive'}
-        req_header = 'Authorization'
-        resp_header = 'www-authenticate'
+        headers = {"Connection": "Keep-Alive"}
+        req_header = "Authorization"
+        resp_header = "www-authenticate"
 
         conn = HTTPSConnection(host=self.host, port=self.port)
 
         # Send negotiation message
-        headers[req_header] = (
-            'NTLM %s' % ntlm.create_NTLM_NEGOTIATE_MESSAGE(self.rawuser))
-        log.debug('Request headers: %s', headers)
-        conn.request('GET', self.authurl, None, headers)
+        headers[req_header] = "NTLM %s" % ntlm.create_NTLM_NEGOTIATE_MESSAGE(
+            self.rawuser
+        )
+        log.debug("Request headers: %s", headers)
+        conn.request("GET", self.authurl, None, headers)
         res = conn.getresponse()
         reshdr = dict(res.getheaders())
-        log.debug('Response status: %s %s', res.status, res.reason)
-        log.debug('Response headers: %s', reshdr)
-        log.debug('Response data: %s [...]', res.read(100))
+        log.debug("Response status: %s %s", res.status, res.reason)
+        log.debug("Response headers: %s", reshdr)
+        log.debug("Response data: %s [...]", res.read(100))
 
         # Remove the reference to the socket, so that it can not be closed by
         # the response object (we want to keep the socket open)
         res.fp = None
 
         # Server should respond with a challenge message
-        auth_header_values = reshdr[resp_header].split(', ')
+        auth_header_values = reshdr[resp_header].split(", ")
         auth_header_value = None
         for s in auth_header_values:
-            if s[:5] == 'NTLM ':
+            if s[:5] == "NTLM ":
                 auth_header_value = s[5:]
         if auth_header_value is None:
-            raise Exception('Unexpected %s response header: %s' %
-                            (resp_header, reshdr[resp_header]))
+            raise Exception(
+                "Unexpected %s response header: %s" % (resp_header, reshdr[resp_header])
+            )
 
         # Send authentication message
-        ServerChallenge, NegotiateFlags = \
-            ntlm.parse_NTLM_CHALLENGE_MESSAGE(auth_header_value)
-        auth_msg = ntlm.create_NTLM_AUTHENTICATE_MESSAGE(ServerChallenge,
-                                                         self.user,
-                                                         self.domain,
-                                                         self.pw,
-                                                         NegotiateFlags)
-        headers[req_header] = 'NTLM %s' % auth_msg
-        log.debug('Request headers: %s', headers)
-        conn.request('GET', self.authurl, None, headers)
+        ServerChallenge, NegotiateFlags = ntlm.parse_NTLM_CHALLENGE_MESSAGE(
+            auth_header_value
+        )
+        auth_msg = ntlm.create_NTLM_AUTHENTICATE_MESSAGE(
+            ServerChallenge, self.user, self.domain, self.pw, NegotiateFlags
+        )
+        headers[req_header] = "NTLM %s" % auth_msg
+        log.debug("Request headers: %s", headers)
+        conn.request("GET", self.authurl, None, headers)
         res = conn.getresponse()
-        log.debug('Response status: %s %s', res.status, res.reason)
-        log.debug('Response headers: %s', dict(res.getheaders()))
-        log.debug('Response data: %s [...]', res.read()[:100])
+        log.debug("Response status: %s %s", res.status, res.reason)
+        log.debug("Response headers: %s", dict(res.getheaders()))
+        log.debug("Response data: %s [...]", res.read()[:100])
         if res.status != 200:
             if res.status == 401:
-                raise Exception('Server rejected request: wrong '
-                                'username or password')
-            raise Exception('Wrong server response: %s %s' %
-                            (res.status, res.reason))
+                raise Exception(
+                    "Server rejected request: wrong " "username or password"
+                )
+            raise Exception("Wrong server response: %s %s" % (res.status, res.reason))
 
         res.fp = None
-        log.debug('Connection established')
+        log.debug("Connection established")
         return conn
 
-    def urlopen(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None, retries=3,
-                redirect=True, assert_same_host=True):
+    def urlopen(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        body=None,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=3,
+        redirect=True,
+        assert_same_host=True,
+    ):
         if headers is None:
             headers = {}
-        headers['Connection'] = 'Keep-Alive'
-        return super(NTLMConnectionPool, self).urlopen(method, url, body,
-                                                       headers, retries,
-                                                       redirect,
-                                                       assert_same_host)
+        headers["Connection"] = "Keep-Alive"
+        return super(NTLMConnectionPool, self).urlopen(
+            method, url, body, headers, retries, redirect, assert_same_host
+        )
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/contrib/pyopenssl.py b/lib/urllib3/contrib/pyopenssl.py
index 821c174..3051ef3 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/contrib/pyopenssl.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/contrib/pyopenssl.py
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ import OpenSSL.SSL
 from cryptography import x509
 from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl import backend as openssl_backend
 from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.x509 import _Certificate
+
 try:
     from cryptography.x509 import UnsupportedExtension
 except ImportError:
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ except ImportError:
     class UnsupportedExtension(Exception):
         pass
 
+
 from socket import timeout, error as SocketError
 from io import BytesIO
 
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ import sys
 from .. import util
 
 
-__all__ = ['inject_into_urllib3', 'extract_from_urllib3']
+__all__ = ["inject_into_urllib3", "extract_from_urllib3"]
 
 # SNI always works.
 HAS_SNI = True
@@ -82,25 +84,23 @@ _openssl_versions = {
     ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1: OpenSSL.SSL.TLSv1_METHOD,
 }
 
-if hasattr(ssl, 'PROTOCOL_SSLv3') and hasattr(OpenSSL.SSL, 'SSLv3_METHOD'):
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_SSLv3") and hasattr(OpenSSL.SSL, "SSLv3_METHOD"):
     _openssl_versions[ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3] = OpenSSL.SSL.SSLv3_METHOD
 
-if hasattr(ssl, 'PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1') and hasattr(OpenSSL.SSL, 'TLSv1_1_METHOD'):
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1") and hasattr(OpenSSL.SSL, "TLSv1_1_METHOD"):
     _openssl_versions[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1] = OpenSSL.SSL.TLSv1_1_METHOD
 
-if hasattr(ssl, 'PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2') and hasattr(OpenSSL.SSL, 'TLSv1_2_METHOD'):
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2") and hasattr(OpenSSL.SSL, "TLSv1_2_METHOD"):
     _openssl_versions[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2] = OpenSSL.SSL.TLSv1_2_METHOD
 
 
 _stdlib_to_openssl_verify = {
     ssl.CERT_NONE: OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_NONE,
     ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL: OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_PEER,
-    ssl.CERT_REQUIRED:
-        OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_PEER + OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT,
+    ssl.CERT_REQUIRED: OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_PEER
+    + OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT,
 }
-_openssl_to_stdlib_verify = dict(
-    (v, k) for k, v in _stdlib_to_openssl_verify.items()
-)
+_openssl_to_stdlib_verify = dict((v, k) for k, v in _stdlib_to_openssl_verify.items())
 
 # OpenSSL will only write 16K at a time
 SSL_WRITE_BLOCKSIZE = 16384
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def inject_into_urllib3():
-    'Monkey-patch urllib3 with PyOpenSSL-backed SSL-support.'
+    "Monkey-patch urllib3 with PyOpenSSL-backed SSL-support."
 
     _validate_dependencies_met()
 
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ def inject_into_urllib3():
 
 
 def extract_from_urllib3():
-    'Undo monkey-patching by :func:`inject_into_urllib3`.'
+    "Undo monkey-patching by :func:`inject_into_urllib3`."
 
     util.SSLContext = orig_util_SSLContext
     util.ssl_.SSLContext = orig_util_SSLContext
@@ -143,17 +143,23 @@ def _validate_dependencies_met():
     """
     # Method added in `cryptography==1.1`; not available in older versions
     from cryptography.x509.extensions import Extensions
+
     if getattr(Extensions, "get_extension_for_class", None) is None:
-        raise ImportError("'cryptography' module missing required functionality.  "
-                          "Try upgrading to v1.3.4 or newer.")
+        raise ImportError(
+            "'cryptography' module missing required functionality.  "
+            "Try upgrading to v1.3.4 or newer."
+        )
 
     # pyOpenSSL 0.14 and above use cryptography for OpenSSL bindings. The _x509
     # attribute is only present on those versions.
     from OpenSSL.crypto import X509
+
     x509 = X509()
     if getattr(x509, "_x509", None) is None:
-        raise ImportError("'pyOpenSSL' module missing required functionality. "
-                          "Try upgrading to v0.14 or newer.")
+        raise ImportError(
+            "'pyOpenSSL' module missing required functionality. "
+            "Try upgrading to v0.14 or newer."
+        )
 
 
 def _dnsname_to_stdlib(name):
@@ -169,6 +175,7 @@ def _dnsname_to_stdlib(name):
     If the name cannot be idna-encoded then we return None signalling that
     the name given should be skipped.
     """
+
     def idna_encode(name):
         """
         Borrowed wholesale from the Python Cryptography Project. It turns out
@@ -178,23 +185,23 @@ def _dnsname_to_stdlib(name):
         import idna
 
         try:
-            for prefix in [u'*.', u'.']:
+            for prefix in [u"*.", u"."]:
                 if name.startswith(prefix):
-                    name = name[len(prefix):]
-                    return prefix.encode('ascii') + idna.encode(name)
+                    name = name[len(prefix) :]
+                    return prefix.encode("ascii") + idna.encode(name)
             return idna.encode(name)
         except idna.core.IDNAError:
             return None
 
     # Don't send IPv6 addresses through the IDNA encoder.
-    if ':' in name:
+    if ":" in name:
         return name
 
     name = idna_encode(name)
     if name is None:
         return None
     elif sys.version_info >= (3, 0):
-        name = name.decode('utf-8')
+        name = name.decode("utf-8")
     return name
 
 
@@ -213,14 +220,16 @@ def get_subj_alt_name(peer_cert):
     # We want to find the SAN extension. Ask Cryptography to locate it (it's
     # faster than looping in Python)
     try:
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_class(
-            x509.SubjectAlternativeName
-        ).value
+        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_class(x509.SubjectAlternativeName).value
     except x509.ExtensionNotFound:
         # No such extension, return the empty list.
         return []
-    except (x509.DuplicateExtension, UnsupportedExtension,
-            x509.UnsupportedGeneralNameType, UnicodeError) as e:
+    except (
+        x509.DuplicateExtension,
+        UnsupportedExtension,
+        x509.UnsupportedGeneralNameType,
+        UnicodeError,
+    ) as e:
         # A problem has been found with the quality of the certificate. Assume
         # no SAN field is present.
         log.warning(
@@ -239,23 +248,23 @@ def get_subj_alt_name(peer_cert):
     # does with certificates, and so we need to attempt to do the same.
     # We also want to skip over names which cannot be idna encoded.
     names = [
-        ('DNS', name) for name in map(_dnsname_to_stdlib, ext.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName))
+        ("DNS", name)
+        for name in map(_dnsname_to_stdlib, ext.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName))
         if name is not None
     ]
     names.extend(
-        ('IP Address', str(name))
-        for name in ext.get_values_for_type(x509.IPAddress)
+        ("IP Address", str(name)) for name in ext.get_values_for_type(x509.IPAddress)
     )
 
     return names
 
 
 class WrappedSocket(object):
-    '''API-compatibility wrapper for Python OpenSSL's Connection-class.
+    """API-compatibility wrapper for Python OpenSSL's Connection-class.
 
     Note: _makefile_refs, _drop() and _reuse() are needed for the garbage
     collector of pypy.
-    '''
+    """
 
     def __init__(self, connection, socket, suppress_ragged_eofs=True):
         self.connection = connection
@@ -278,18 +287,18 @@ class WrappedSocket(object):
         try:
             data = self.connection.recv(*args, **kwargs)
         except OpenSSL.SSL.SysCallError as e:
-            if self.suppress_ragged_eofs and e.args == (-1, 'Unexpected EOF'):
-                return b''
+            if self.suppress_ragged_eofs and e.args == (-1, "Unexpected EOF"):
+                return b""
             else:
                 raise SocketError(str(e))
         except OpenSSL.SSL.ZeroReturnError:
             if self.connection.get_shutdown() == OpenSSL.SSL.RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN:
-                return b''
+                return b""
             else:
                 raise
         except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError:
             if not util.wait_for_read(self.socket, self.socket.gettimeout()):
-                raise timeout('The read operation timed out')
+                raise timeout("The read operation timed out")
             else:
                 return self.recv(*args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -303,7 +312,7 @@ class WrappedSocket(object):
         try:
             return self.connection.recv_into(*args, **kwargs)
         except OpenSSL.SSL.SysCallError as e:
-            if self.suppress_ragged_eofs and e.args == (-1, 'Unexpected EOF'):
+            if self.suppress_ragged_eofs and e.args == (-1, "Unexpected EOF"):
                 return 0
             else:
                 raise SocketError(str(e))
@@ -314,7 +323,7 @@ class WrappedSocket(object):
                 raise
         except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError:
             if not util.wait_for_read(self.socket, self.socket.gettimeout()):
-                raise timeout('The read operation timed out')
+                raise timeout("The read operation timed out")
             else:
                 return self.recv_into(*args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -339,7 +348,9 @@ class WrappedSocket(object):
     def sendall(self, data):
         total_sent = 0
         while total_sent < len(data):
-            sent = self._send_until_done(data[total_sent:total_sent + SSL_WRITE_BLOCKSIZE])
+            sent = self._send_until_done(
+                data[total_sent : total_sent + SSL_WRITE_BLOCKSIZE]
+            )
             total_sent += sent
 
     def shutdown(self):
@@ -363,15 +374,11 @@ class WrappedSocket(object):
             return x509
 
         if binary_form:
-            return OpenSSL.crypto.dump_certificate(
-                OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_ASN1,
-                x509)
+            return OpenSSL.crypto.dump_certificate(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_ASN1, x509)
 
         return {
-            'subject': (
-                (('commonName', x509.get_subject().CN),),
-            ),
-            'subjectAltName': get_subj_alt_name(x509)
+            "subject": ((("commonName", x509.get_subject().CN),),),
+            "subjectAltName": get_subj_alt_name(x509),
         }
 
     def version(self):
@@ -388,9 +395,12 @@ class WrappedSocket(object):
 
 
 if _fileobject:  # Platform-specific: Python 2
+
     def makefile(self, mode, bufsize=-1):
         self._makefile_refs += 1
         return _fileobject(self, mode, bufsize, close=True)
+
+
 else:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
     makefile = backport_makefile
 
@@ -403,6 +413,7 @@ class PyOpenSSLContext(object):
     for translating the interface of the standard library ``SSLContext`` object
     to calls into PyOpenSSL.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, protocol):
         self.protocol = _openssl_versions[protocol]
         self._ctx = OpenSSL.SSL.Context(self.protocol)
@@ -424,24 +435,21 @@ class PyOpenSSLContext(object):
 
     @verify_mode.setter
     def verify_mode(self, value):
-        self._ctx.set_verify(
-            _stdlib_to_openssl_verify[value],
-            _verify_callback
-        )
+        self._ctx.set_verify(_stdlib_to_openssl_verify[value], _verify_callback)
 
     def set_default_verify_paths(self):
         self._ctx.set_default_verify_paths()
 
     def set_ciphers(self, ciphers):
         if isinstance(ciphers, six.text_type):
-            ciphers = ciphers.encode('utf-8')
+            ciphers = ciphers.encode("utf-8")
         self._ctx.set_cipher_list(ciphers)
 
     def load_verify_locations(self, cafile=None, capath=None, cadata=None):
         if cafile is not None:
-            cafile = cafile.encode('utf-8')
+            cafile = cafile.encode("utf-8")
         if capath is not None:
-            capath = capath.encode('utf-8')
+            capath = capath.encode("utf-8")
         self._ctx.load_verify_locations(cafile, capath)
         if cadata is not None:
             self._ctx.load_verify_locations(BytesIO(cadata))
@@ -450,17 +458,22 @@ class PyOpenSSLContext(object):
         self._ctx.use_certificate_chain_file(certfile)
         if password is not None:
             if not isinstance(password, six.binary_type):
-                password = password.encode('utf-8')
+                password = password.encode("utf-8")
             self._ctx.set_passwd_cb(lambda *_: password)
         self._ctx.use_privatekey_file(keyfile or certfile)
 
-    def wrap_socket(self, sock, server_side=False,
-                    do_handshake_on_connect=True, suppress_ragged_eofs=True,
-                    server_hostname=None):
+    def wrap_socket(
+        self,
+        sock,
+        server_side=False,
+        do_handshake_on_connect=True,
+        suppress_ragged_eofs=True,
+        server_hostname=None,
+    ):
         cnx = OpenSSL.SSL.Connection(self._ctx, sock)
 
         if isinstance(server_hostname, six.text_type):  # Platform-specific: Python 3
-            server_hostname = server_hostname.encode('utf-8')
+            server_hostname = server_hostname.encode("utf-8")
 
         if server_hostname is not None:
             cnx.set_tlsext_host_name(server_hostname)
@@ -472,10 +485,10 @@ class PyOpenSSLContext(object):
                 cnx.do_handshake()
             except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError:
                 if not util.wait_for_read(sock, sock.gettimeout()):
-                    raise timeout('select timed out')
+                    raise timeout("select timed out")
                 continue
             except OpenSSL.SSL.Error as e:
-                raise ssl.SSLError('bad handshake: %r' % e)
+                raise ssl.SSLError("bad handshake: %r" % e)
             break
 
         return WrappedSocket(cnx, sock)
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/contrib/securetransport.py b/lib/urllib3/contrib/securetransport.py
index 4dc4848..24e6b5c 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/contrib/securetransport.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/contrib/securetransport.py
@@ -62,12 +62,12 @@ import threading
 import weakref
 
 from .. import util
-from ._securetransport.bindings import (
-    Security, SecurityConst, CoreFoundation
-)
+from ._securetransport.bindings import Security, SecurityConst, CoreFoundation
 from ._securetransport.low_level import (
-    _assert_no_error, _cert_array_from_pem, _temporary_keychain,
-    _load_client_cert_chain
+    _assert_no_error,
+    _cert_array_from_pem,
+    _temporary_keychain,
+    _load_client_cert_chain,
 )
 
 try:  # Platform-specific: Python 2
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ except ImportError:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
     _fileobject = None
     from ..packages.backports.makefile import backport_makefile
 
-__all__ = ['inject_into_urllib3', 'extract_from_urllib3']
+__all__ = ["inject_into_urllib3", "extract_from_urllib3"]
 
 # SNI always works
 HAS_SNI = True
@@ -147,28 +147,36 @@ CIPHER_SUITES = [
 # TLSv1 and a high of TLSv1.3. For everything else, we pin to that version.
 # TLSv1 to 1.2 are supported on macOS 10.8+ and TLSv1.3 is macOS 10.13+
 _protocol_to_min_max = {
-    util.PROTOCOL_TLS: (SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1, SecurityConst.kTLSProtocolMaxSupported),
+    util.PROTOCOL_TLS: (
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1,
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocolMaxSupported,
+    )
 }
 
 if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_SSLv2"):
     _protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2] = (
-        SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol2, SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol2
+        SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol2,
+        SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol2,
     )
 if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_SSLv3"):
     _protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3] = (
-        SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol3, SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol3
+        SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol3,
+        SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol3,
     )
 if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1"):
     _protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1] = (
-        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1, SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1,
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1,
     )
 if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1"):
     _protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1] = (
-        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol11, SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol11
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol11,
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol11,
     )
 if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2"):
     _protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2] = (
-        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12, SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12,
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12,
     )
 
 
@@ -218,7 +226,7 @@ def _read_callback(connection_id, data_buffer, data_length_pointer):
             while read_count < requested_length:
                 if timeout is None or timeout >= 0:
                     if not util.wait_for_read(base_socket, timeout):
-                        raise socket.error(errno.EAGAIN, 'timed out')
+                        raise socket.error(errno.EAGAIN, "timed out")
 
                 remaining = requested_length - read_count
                 buffer = (ctypes.c_char * remaining).from_address(
@@ -274,7 +282,7 @@ def _write_callback(connection_id, data_buffer, data_length_pointer):
             while sent < bytes_to_write:
                 if timeout is None or timeout >= 0:
                     if not util.wait_for_write(base_socket, timeout):
-                        raise socket.error(errno.EAGAIN, 'timed out')
+                        raise socket.error(errno.EAGAIN, "timed out")
                 chunk_sent = base_socket.send(data)
                 sent += chunk_sent
 
@@ -316,6 +324,7 @@ class WrappedSocket(object):
     Note: _makefile_refs, _drop(), and _reuse() are needed for the garbage
     collector of PyPy.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, socket):
         self.socket = socket
         self.context = None
@@ -380,7 +389,7 @@ class WrappedSocket(object):
 
         # We want data in memory, so load it up.
         if os.path.isfile(trust_bundle):
-            with open(trust_bundle, 'rb') as f:
+            with open(trust_bundle, "rb") as f:
                 trust_bundle = f.read()
 
         cert_array = None
@@ -394,9 +403,7 @@ class WrappedSocket(object):
             # created for this connection, shove our CAs into it, tell ST to
             # ignore everything else it knows, and then ask if it can build a
             # chain. This is a buuuunch of code.
-            result = Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust(
-                self.context, ctypes.byref(trust)
-            )
+            result = Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust(self.context, ctypes.byref(trust))
             _assert_no_error(result)
             if not trust:
                 raise ssl.SSLError("Failed to copy trust reference")
@@ -408,9 +415,7 @@ class WrappedSocket(object):
             _assert_no_error(result)
 
             trust_result = Security.SecTrustResultType()
-            result = Security.SecTrustEvaluate(
-                trust, ctypes.byref(trust_result)
-            )
+            result = Security.SecTrustEvaluate(trust, ctypes.byref(trust_result))
             _assert_no_error(result)
         finally:
             if trust:
@@ -422,23 +427,24 @@ class WrappedSocket(object):
         # Ok, now we can look at what the result was.
         successes = (
             SecurityConst.kSecTrustResultUnspecified,
-            SecurityConst.kSecTrustResultProceed
+            SecurityConst.kSecTrustResultProceed,
         )
         if trust_result.value not in successes:
             raise ssl.SSLError(
-                "certificate verify failed, error code: %d" %
-                trust_result.value
+                "certificate verify failed, error code: %d" % trust_result.value
             )
 
-    def handshake(self,
-                  server_hostname,
-                  verify,
-                  trust_bundle,
-                  min_version,
-                  max_version,
-                  client_cert,
-                  client_key,
-                  client_key_passphrase):
+    def handshake(
+        self,
+        server_hostname,
+        verify,
+        trust_bundle,
+        min_version,
+        max_version,
+        client_cert,
+        client_key,
+        client_key_passphrase,
+    ):
         """
         Actually performs the TLS handshake. This is run automatically by
         wrapped socket, and shouldn't be needed in user code.
@@ -468,7 +474,7 @@ class WrappedSocket(object):
         # If we have a server hostname, we should set that too.
         if server_hostname:
             if not isinstance(server_hostname, bytes):
-                server_hostname = server_hostname.encode('utf-8')
+                server_hostname = server_hostname.encode("utf-8")
 
             result = Security.SSLSetPeerDomainName(
                 self.context, server_hostname, len(server_hostname)
@@ -488,7 +494,9 @@ class WrappedSocket(object):
         # was added in macOS 10.13 along with kTLSProtocol13.
         result = Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMax(self.context, max_version)
         if result != 0 and max_version == SecurityConst.kTLSProtocolMaxSupported:
-            result = Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMax(self.context, SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12)
+            result = Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMax(
+                self.context, SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12
+            )
         _assert_no_error(result)
 
         # If there's a trust DB, we need to use it. We do that by telling
@@ -497,9 +505,7 @@ class WrappedSocket(object):
         # authing in that case.
         if not verify or trust_bundle is not None:
             result = Security.SSLSetSessionOption(
-                self.context,
-                SecurityConst.kSSLSessionOptionBreakOnServerAuth,
-                True
+                self.context, SecurityConst.kSSLSessionOptionBreakOnServerAuth, True
             )
             _assert_no_error(result)
 
@@ -509,9 +515,7 @@ class WrappedSocket(object):
             self._client_cert_chain = _load_client_cert_chain(
                 self._keychain, client_cert, client_key
             )
-            result = Security.SSLSetCertificate(
-                self.context, self._client_cert_chain
-            )
+            result = Security.SSLSetCertificate(self.context, self._client_cert_chain)
             _assert_no_error(result)
 
         while True:
@@ -562,7 +566,7 @@ class WrappedSocket(object):
         # There are some result codes that we want to treat as "not always
         # errors". Specifically, those are errSSLWouldBlock,
         # errSSLClosedGraceful, and errSSLClosedNoNotify.
-        if (result == SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock):
+        if result == SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock:
             # If we didn't process any bytes, then this was just a time out.
             # However, we can get errSSLWouldBlock in situations when we *did*
             # read some data, and in those cases we should just read "short"
@@ -570,7 +574,10 @@ class WrappedSocket(object):
             if processed_bytes.value == 0:
                 # Timed out, no data read.
                 raise socket.timeout("recv timed out")
-        elif result in (SecurityConst.errSSLClosedGraceful, SecurityConst.errSSLClosedNoNotify):
+        elif result in (
+            SecurityConst.errSSLClosedGraceful,
+            SecurityConst.errSSLClosedNoNotify,
+        ):
             # The remote peer has closed this connection. We should do so as
             # well. Note that we don't actually return here because in
             # principle this could actually be fired along with return data.
@@ -609,7 +616,7 @@ class WrappedSocket(object):
     def sendall(self, data):
         total_sent = 0
         while total_sent < len(data):
-            sent = self.send(data[total_sent:total_sent + SSL_WRITE_BLOCKSIZE])
+            sent = self.send(data[total_sent : total_sent + SSL_WRITE_BLOCKSIZE])
             total_sent += sent
 
     def shutdown(self):
@@ -656,18 +663,14 @@ class WrappedSocket(object):
         # instead to just flag to urllib3 that it shouldn't do its own hostname
         # validation when using SecureTransport.
         if not binary_form:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "SecureTransport only supports dumping binary certs"
-            )
+            raise ValueError("SecureTransport only supports dumping binary certs")
         trust = Security.SecTrustRef()
         certdata = None
         der_bytes = None
 
         try:
             # Grab the trust store.
-            result = Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust(
-                self.context, ctypes.byref(trust)
-            )
+            result = Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust(self.context, ctypes.byref(trust))
             _assert_no_error(result)
             if not trust:
                 # Probably we haven't done the handshake yet. No biggie.
@@ -699,22 +702,24 @@ class WrappedSocket(object):
 
     def version(self):
         protocol = Security.SSLProtocol()
-        result = Security.SSLGetNegotiatedProtocolVersion(self.context, ctypes.byref(protocol))
+        result = Security.SSLGetNegotiatedProtocolVersion(
+            self.context, ctypes.byref(protocol)
+        )
         _assert_no_error(result)
         if protocol.value == SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol13:
-            return 'TLSv1.3'
+            return "TLSv1.3"
         elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12:
-            return 'TLSv1.2'
+            return "TLSv1.2"
         elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol11:
-            return 'TLSv1.1'
+            return "TLSv1.1"
         elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1:
-            return 'TLSv1'
+            return "TLSv1"
         elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol3:
-            return 'SSLv3'
+            return "SSLv3"
         elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol2:
-            return 'SSLv2'
+            return "SSLv2"
         else:
-            raise ssl.SSLError('Unknown TLS version: %r' % protocol)
+            raise ssl.SSLError("Unknown TLS version: %r" % protocol)
 
     def _reuse(self):
         self._makefile_refs += 1
@@ -727,16 +732,21 @@ class WrappedSocket(object):
 
 
 if _fileobject:  # Platform-specific: Python 2
+
     def makefile(self, mode, bufsize=-1):
         self._makefile_refs += 1
         return _fileobject(self, mode, bufsize, close=True)
+
+
 else:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+
     def makefile(self, mode="r", buffering=None, *args, **kwargs):
         # We disable buffering with SecureTransport because it conflicts with
         # the buffering that ST does internally (see issue #1153 for more).
         buffering = 0
         return backport_makefile(self, mode, buffering, *args, **kwargs)
 
+
 WrappedSocket.makefile = makefile
 
 
@@ -746,6 +756,7 @@ class SecureTransportContext(object):
     interface of the standard library ``SSLContext`` object to calls into
     SecureTransport.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, protocol):
         self._min_version, self._max_version = _protocol_to_min_max[protocol]
         self._options = 0
@@ -812,16 +823,12 @@ class SecureTransportContext(object):
     def set_ciphers(self, ciphers):
         # For now, we just require the default cipher string.
         if ciphers != util.ssl_.DEFAULT_CIPHERS:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "SecureTransport doesn't support custom cipher strings"
-            )
+            raise ValueError("SecureTransport doesn't support custom cipher strings")
 
     def load_verify_locations(self, cafile=None, capath=None, cadata=None):
         # OK, we only really support cadata and cafile.
         if capath is not None:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "SecureTransport does not support cert directories"
-            )
+            raise ValueError("SecureTransport does not support cert directories")
 
         self._trust_bundle = cafile or cadata
 
@@ -830,9 +837,14 @@ class SecureTransportContext(object):
         self._client_key = keyfile
         self._client_cert_passphrase = password
 
-    def wrap_socket(self, sock, server_side=False,
-                    do_handshake_on_connect=True, suppress_ragged_eofs=True,
-                    server_hostname=None):
+    def wrap_socket(
+        self,
+        sock,
+        server_side=False,
+        do_handshake_on_connect=True,
+        suppress_ragged_eofs=True,
+        server_hostname=None,
+    ):
         # So, what do we do here? Firstly, we assert some properties. This is a
         # stripped down shim, so there is some functionality we don't support.
         # See PEP 543 for the real deal.
@@ -846,8 +858,13 @@ class SecureTransportContext(object):
 
         # Now we can handshake
         wrapped_socket.handshake(
-            server_hostname, self._verify, self._trust_bundle,
-            self._min_version, self._max_version, self._client_cert,
-            self._client_key, self._client_key_passphrase
+            server_hostname,
+            self._verify,
+            self._trust_bundle,
+            self._min_version,
+            self._max_version,
+            self._client_cert,
+            self._client_key,
+            self._client_key_passphrase,
         )
         return wrapped_socket
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/contrib/socks.py b/lib/urllib3/contrib/socks.py
index 636d261..9e97f7a 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/contrib/socks.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/contrib/socks.py
@@ -42,23 +42,20 @@ except ImportError:
     import warnings
     from ..exceptions import DependencyWarning
 
-    warnings.warn((
-        'SOCKS support in urllib3 requires the installation of optional '
-        'dependencies: specifically, PySocks.  For more information, see '
-        'https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contrib.html#socks-proxies'
+    warnings.warn(
+        (
+            "SOCKS support in urllib3 requires the installation of optional "
+            "dependencies: specifically, PySocks.  For more information, see "
+            "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contrib.html#socks-proxies"
         ),
-        DependencyWarning
+        DependencyWarning,
     )
     raise
 
 from socket import error as SocketError, timeout as SocketTimeout
 
-from ..connection import (
-    HTTPConnection, HTTPSConnection
-)
-from ..connectionpool import (
-    HTTPConnectionPool, HTTPSConnectionPool
-)
+from ..connection import HTTPConnection, HTTPSConnection
+from ..connectionpool import HTTPConnectionPool, HTTPSConnectionPool
 from ..exceptions import ConnectTimeoutError, NewConnectionError
 from ..poolmanager import PoolManager
 from ..util.url import parse_url
@@ -73,8 +70,9 @@ class SOCKSConnection(HTTPConnection):
     """
     A plain-text HTTP connection that connects via a SOCKS proxy.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._socks_options = kwargs.pop('_socks_options')
+        self._socks_options = kwargs.pop("_socks_options")
         super(SOCKSConnection, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 
     def _new_conn(self):
@@ -83,28 +81,30 @@ class SOCKSConnection(HTTPConnection):
         """
         extra_kw = {}
         if self.source_address:
-            extra_kw['source_address'] = self.source_address
+            extra_kw["source_address"] = self.source_address
 
         if self.socket_options:
-            extra_kw['socket_options'] = self.socket_options
+            extra_kw["socket_options"] = self.socket_options
 
         try:
             conn = socks.create_connection(
                 (self.host, self.port),
-                proxy_type=self._socks_options['socks_version'],
-                proxy_addr=self._socks_options['proxy_host'],
-                proxy_port=self._socks_options['proxy_port'],
-                proxy_username=self._socks_options['username'],
-                proxy_password=self._socks_options['password'],
-                proxy_rdns=self._socks_options['rdns'],
+                proxy_type=self._socks_options["socks_version"],
+                proxy_addr=self._socks_options["proxy_host"],
+                proxy_port=self._socks_options["proxy_port"],
+                proxy_username=self._socks_options["username"],
+                proxy_password=self._socks_options["password"],
+                proxy_rdns=self._socks_options["rdns"],
                 timeout=self.timeout,
                 **extra_kw
             )
 
         except SocketTimeout:
             raise ConnectTimeoutError(
-                self, "Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)" %
-                (self.host, self.timeout))
+                self,
+                "Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)"
+                % (self.host, self.timeout),
+            )
 
         except socks.ProxyError as e:
             # This is fragile as hell, but it seems to be the only way to raise
@@ -114,23 +114,22 @@ class SOCKSConnection(HTTPConnection):
                 if isinstance(error, SocketTimeout):
                     raise ConnectTimeoutError(
                         self,
-                        "Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)" %
-                        (self.host, self.timeout)
+                        "Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)"
+                        % (self.host, self.timeout),
                     )
                 else:
                     raise NewConnectionError(
-                        self,
-                        "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % error
+                        self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % error
                     )
             else:
                 raise NewConnectionError(
-                    self,
-                    "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e
+                    self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e
                 )
 
         except SocketError as e:  # Defensive: PySocks should catch all these.
             raise NewConnectionError(
-                self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e)
+                self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e
+            )
 
         return conn
 
@@ -156,47 +155,53 @@ class SOCKSProxyManager(PoolManager):
     A version of the urllib3 ProxyManager that routes connections via the
     defined SOCKS proxy.
     """
+
     pool_classes_by_scheme = {
-        'http': SOCKSHTTPConnectionPool,
-        'https': SOCKSHTTPSConnectionPool,
+        "http": SOCKSHTTPConnectionPool,
+        "https": SOCKSHTTPSConnectionPool,
     }
 
-    def __init__(self, proxy_url, username=None, password=None,
-                 num_pools=10, headers=None, **connection_pool_kw):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url,
+        username=None,
+        password=None,
+        num_pools=10,
+        headers=None,
+        **connection_pool_kw
+    ):
         parsed = parse_url(proxy_url)
 
         if username is None and password is None and parsed.auth is not None:
-            split = parsed.auth.split(':')
+            split = parsed.auth.split(":")
             if len(split) == 2:
                 username, password = split
-        if parsed.scheme == 'socks5':
+        if parsed.scheme == "socks5":
             socks_version = socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5
             rdns = False
-        elif parsed.scheme == 'socks5h':
+        elif parsed.scheme == "socks5h":
             socks_version = socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5
             rdns = True
-        elif parsed.scheme == 'socks4':
+        elif parsed.scheme == "socks4":
             socks_version = socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS4
             rdns = False
-        elif parsed.scheme == 'socks4a':
+        elif parsed.scheme == "socks4a":
             socks_version = socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS4
             rdns = True
         else:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "Unable to determine SOCKS version from %s" % proxy_url
-            )
+            raise ValueError("Unable to determine SOCKS version from %s" % proxy_url)
 
         self.proxy_url = proxy_url
 
         socks_options = {
-            'socks_version': socks_version,
-            'proxy_host': parsed.host,
-            'proxy_port': parsed.port,
-            'username': username,
-            'password': password,
-            'rdns': rdns
+            "socks_version": socks_version,
+            "proxy_host": parsed.host,
+            "proxy_port": parsed.port,
+            "username": username,
+            "password": password,
+            "rdns": rdns,
         }
-        connection_pool_kw['_socks_options'] = socks_options
+        connection_pool_kw["_socks_options"] = socks_options
 
         super(SOCKSProxyManager, self).__init__(
             num_pools, headers, **connection_pool_kw
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/exceptions.py b/lib/urllib3/exceptions.py
index 7bbaa98..93d93fb 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/exceptions.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/exceptions.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import absolute_import
-from .packages.six.moves.http_client import (
-    IncompleteRead as httplib_IncompleteRead
-)
+from .packages.six.moves.http_client import IncompleteRead as httplib_IncompleteRead
+
 # Base Exceptions
 
 
@@ -17,6 +16,7 @@ class HTTPWarning(Warning):
 
 class PoolError(HTTPError):
     "Base exception for errors caused within a pool."
+
     def __init__(self, pool, message):
         self.pool = pool
         HTTPError.__init__(self, "%s: %s" % (pool, message))
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ class PoolError(HTTPError):
 
 class RequestError(PoolError):
     "Base exception for PoolErrors that have associated URLs."
+
     def __init__(self, pool, url, message):
         self.url = url
         PoolError.__init__(self, pool, message)
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ ConnectionError = ProtocolError
 
 # Leaf Exceptions
 
+
 class MaxRetryError(RequestError):
     """Raised when the maximum number of retries is exceeded.
 
@@ -76,8 +78,7 @@ class MaxRetryError(RequestError):
     def __init__(self, pool, url, reason=None):
         self.reason = reason
 
-        message = "Max retries exceeded with url: %s (Caused by %r)" % (
-            url, reason)
+        message = "Max retries exceeded with url: %s (Caused by %r)" % (url, reason)
 
         RequestError.__init__(self, pool, url, message)
 
@@ -93,6 +94,7 @@ class HostChangedError(RequestError):
 
 class TimeoutStateError(HTTPError):
     """ Raised when passing an invalid state to a timeout """
+
     pass
 
 
@@ -102,6 +104,7 @@ class TimeoutError(HTTPError):
     Catching this error will catch both :exc:`ReadTimeoutErrors
     <ReadTimeoutError>` and :exc:`ConnectTimeoutErrors <ConnectTimeoutError>`.
     """
+
     pass
 
 
@@ -149,8 +152,8 @@ class LocationParseError(LocationValueError):
 
 class ResponseError(HTTPError):
     "Used as a container for an error reason supplied in a MaxRetryError."
-    GENERIC_ERROR = 'too many error responses'
-    SPECIFIC_ERROR = 'too many {status_code} error responses'
+    GENERIC_ERROR = "too many error responses"
+    SPECIFIC_ERROR = "too many {status_code} error responses"
 
 
 class SecurityWarning(HTTPWarning):
@@ -188,6 +191,7 @@ class DependencyWarning(HTTPWarning):
     Warned when an attempt is made to import a module with missing optional
     dependencies.
     """
+
     pass
 
 
@@ -201,6 +205,7 @@ class BodyNotHttplibCompatible(HTTPError):
     Body should be httplib.HTTPResponse like (have an fp attribute which
     returns raw chunks) for read_chunked().
     """
+
     pass
 
 
@@ -212,12 +217,15 @@ class IncompleteRead(HTTPError, httplib_IncompleteRead):
     for `partial` to avoid creating large objects on streamed
     reads.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, partial, expected):
         super(IncompleteRead, self).__init__(partial, expected)
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return ('IncompleteRead(%i bytes read, '
-                '%i more expected)' % (self.partial, self.expected))
+        return "IncompleteRead(%i bytes read, " "%i more expected)" % (
+            self.partial,
+            self.expected,
+        )
 
 
 class InvalidHeader(HTTPError):
@@ -236,8 +244,9 @@ class ProxySchemeUnknown(AssertionError, ValueError):
 
 class HeaderParsingError(HTTPError):
     "Raised by assert_header_parsing, but we convert it to a log.warning statement."
+
     def __init__(self, defects, unparsed_data):
-        message = '%s, unparsed data: %r' % (defects or 'Unknown', unparsed_data)
+        message = "%s, unparsed data: %r" % (defects or "Unknown", unparsed_data)
         super(HeaderParsingError, self).__init__(message)
 
 
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/fields.py b/lib/urllib3/fields.py
index 6a9a5a7..534436f 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/fields.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/fields.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import re
 from .packages import six
 
 
-def guess_content_type(filename, default='application/octet-stream'):
+def guess_content_type(filename, default="application/octet-stream"):
     """
     Guess the "Content-Type" of a file.
 
@@ -41,22 +41,22 @@ def format_header_param_rfc2231(name, value):
     if not any(ch in value for ch in '"\\\r\n'):
         result = u'%s="%s"' % (name, value)
         try:
-            result.encode('ascii')
+            result.encode("ascii")
         except (UnicodeEncodeError, UnicodeDecodeError):
             pass
         else:
             return result
 
     if not six.PY3:  # Python 2:
-        value = value.encode('utf-8')
+        value = value.encode("utf-8")
 
     # encode_rfc2231 accepts an encoded string and returns an ascii-encoded
     # string in Python 2 but accepts and returns unicode strings in Python 3
-    value = email.utils.encode_rfc2231(value, 'utf-8')
-    value = '%s*=%s' % (name, value)
+    value = email.utils.encode_rfc2231(value, "utf-8")
+    value = "%s*=%s" % (name, value)
 
     if not six.PY3:  # Python 2:
-        value = value.decode('utf-8')
+        value = value.decode("utf-8")
 
     return value
 
@@ -69,23 +69,21 @@ _HTML5_REPLACEMENTS = {
 }
 
 # All control characters from 0x00 to 0x1F *except* 0x1B.
-_HTML5_REPLACEMENTS.update({
-    six.unichr(cc): u"%{:02X}".format(cc)
-    for cc
-    in range(0x00, 0x1F+1)
-    if cc not in (0x1B,)
-})
+_HTML5_REPLACEMENTS.update(
+    {
+        six.unichr(cc): u"%{:02X}".format(cc)
+        for cc in range(0x00, 0x1F + 1)
+        if cc not in (0x1B,)
+    }
+)
 
 
 def _replace_multiple(value, needles_and_replacements):
-
     def replacer(match):
         return needles_and_replacements[match.group(0)]
 
     pattern = re.compile(
-        r"|".join([
-            re.escape(needle) for needle in needles_and_replacements.keys()
-        ])
+        r"|".join([re.escape(needle) for needle in needles_and_replacements.keys()])
     )
 
     result = pattern.sub(replacer, value)
@@ -140,13 +138,15 @@ class RequestField(object):
         An optional callable that is used to encode and format the headers. By
         default, this is :func:`format_header_param_html5`.
     """
+
     def __init__(
-            self,
-            name,
-            data,
-            filename=None,
-            headers=None,
-            header_formatter=format_header_param_html5):
+        self,
+        name,
+        data,
+        filename=None,
+        headers=None,
+        header_formatter=format_header_param_html5,
+    ):
         self._name = name
         self._filename = filename
         self.data = data
@@ -156,11 +156,7 @@ class RequestField(object):
         self.header_formatter = header_formatter
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_tuples(
-            cls,
-            fieldname,
-            value,
-            header_formatter=format_header_param_html5):
+    def from_tuples(cls, fieldname, value, header_formatter=format_header_param_html5):
         """
         A :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` factory from old-style tuple parameters.
 
@@ -189,7 +185,8 @@ class RequestField(object):
             data = value
 
         request_param = cls(
-            fieldname, data, filename=filename, header_formatter=header_formatter)
+            fieldname, data, filename=filename, header_formatter=header_formatter
+        )
         request_param.make_multipart(content_type=content_type)
 
         return request_param
@@ -227,7 +224,7 @@ class RequestField(object):
             if value is not None:
                 parts.append(self._render_part(name, value))
 
-        return u'; '.join(parts)
+        return u"; ".join(parts)
 
     def render_headers(self):
         """
@@ -235,21 +232,22 @@ class RequestField(object):
         """
         lines = []
 
-        sort_keys = ['Content-Disposition', 'Content-Type', 'Content-Location']
+        sort_keys = ["Content-Disposition", "Content-Type", "Content-Location"]
         for sort_key in sort_keys:
             if self.headers.get(sort_key, False):
-                lines.append(u'%s: %s' % (sort_key, self.headers[sort_key]))
+                lines.append(u"%s: %s" % (sort_key, self.headers[sort_key]))
 
         for header_name, header_value in self.headers.items():
             if header_name not in sort_keys:
                 if header_value:
-                    lines.append(u'%s: %s' % (header_name, header_value))
+                    lines.append(u"%s: %s" % (header_name, header_value))
 
-        lines.append(u'\r\n')
-        return u'\r\n'.join(lines)
+        lines.append(u"\r\n")
+        return u"\r\n".join(lines)
 
-    def make_multipart(self, content_disposition=None, content_type=None,
-                       content_location=None):
+    def make_multipart(
+        self, content_disposition=None, content_type=None, content_location=None
+    ):
         """
         Makes this request field into a multipart request field.
 
@@ -262,11 +260,14 @@ class RequestField(object):
             The 'Content-Location' of the request body.
 
         """
-        self.headers['Content-Disposition'] = content_disposition or u'form-data'
-        self.headers['Content-Disposition'] += u'; '.join([
-            u'', self._render_parts(
-                ((u'name', self._name), (u'filename', self._filename))
-            )
-        ])
-        self.headers['Content-Type'] = content_type
-        self.headers['Content-Location'] = content_location
+        self.headers["Content-Disposition"] = content_disposition or u"form-data"
+        self.headers["Content-Disposition"] += u"; ".join(
+            [
+                u"",
+                self._render_parts(
+                    ((u"name", self._name), (u"filename", self._filename))
+                ),
+            ]
+        )
+        self.headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
+        self.headers["Content-Location"] = content_location
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/filepost.py b/lib/urllib3/filepost.py
index 78f1e19..459e790 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/filepost.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/filepost.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from .packages import six
 from .packages.six import b
 from .fields import RequestField
 
-writer = codecs.lookup('utf-8')[3]
+writer = codecs.lookup("utf-8")[3]
 
 
 def choose_boundary():
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ def choose_boundary():
     """
     boundary = binascii.hexlify(os.urandom(16))
     if six.PY3:
-        boundary = boundary.decode('ascii')
+        boundary = boundary.decode("ascii")
     return boundary
 
 
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ def encode_multipart_formdata(fields, boundary=None):
         boundary = choose_boundary()
 
     for field in iter_field_objects(fields):
-        body.write(b('--%s\r\n' % (boundary)))
+        body.write(b("--%s\r\n" % (boundary)))
 
         writer(body).write(field.render_headers())
         data = field.data
@@ -89,10 +89,10 @@ def encode_multipart_formdata(fields, boundary=None):
         else:
             body.write(data)
 
-        body.write(b'\r\n')
+        body.write(b"\r\n")
 
-    body.write(b('--%s--\r\n' % (boundary)))
+    body.write(b("--%s--\r\n" % (boundary)))
 
-    content_type = str('multipart/form-data; boundary=%s' % boundary)
+    content_type = str("multipart/form-data; boundary=%s" % boundary)
 
     return body.getvalue(), content_type
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/packages/__init__.py b/lib/urllib3/packages/__init__.py
index 170e974..fce4caa 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/packages/__init__.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/packages/__init__.py
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ from __future__ import absolute_import
 
 from . import ssl_match_hostname
 
-__all__ = ('ssl_match_hostname', )
+__all__ = ("ssl_match_hostname",)
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/packages/backports/makefile.py b/lib/urllib3/packages/backports/makefile.py
index 740db37..a3156a6 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/packages/backports/makefile.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/packages/backports/makefile.py
@@ -11,15 +11,14 @@ import io
 from socket import SocketIO
 
 
-def backport_makefile(self, mode="r", buffering=None, encoding=None,
-                      errors=None, newline=None):
+def backport_makefile(
+    self, mode="r", buffering=None, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None
+):
     """
     Backport of ``socket.makefile`` from Python 3.5.
     """
     if not set(mode) <= {"r", "w", "b"}:
-        raise ValueError(
-            "invalid mode %r (only r, w, b allowed)" % (mode,)
-        )
+        raise ValueError("invalid mode %r (only r, w, b allowed)" % (mode,))
     writing = "w" in mode
     reading = "r" in mode or not writing
     assert reading or writing
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/__init__.py b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/__init__.py
index 9d3c3bc..d953d2b 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/__init__.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/__init__.py
@@ -31,26 +31,26 @@ from .api import URIReference
 from .api import urlparse
 from .parseresult import ParseResult
 
-__title__ = 'rfc3986'
-__author__ = 'Ian Stapleton Cordasco'
-__author_email__ = 'graffatcolmingov@gmail.com'
-__license__ = 'Apache v2.0'
-__copyright__ = 'Copyright 2014 Rackspace'
-__version__ = '1.3.1'
+__title__ = "rfc3986"
+__author__ = "Ian Stapleton Cordasco"
+__author_email__ = "graffatcolmingov@gmail.com"
+__license__ = "Apache v2.0"
+__copyright__ = "Copyright 2014 Rackspace"
+__version__ = "1.3.2"
 
 __all__ = (
-    'ParseResult',
-    'URIReference',
-    'IRIReference',
-    'is_valid_uri',
-    'normalize_uri',
-    'uri_reference',
-    'iri_reference',
-    'urlparse',
-    '__title__',
-    '__author__',
-    '__author_email__',
-    '__license__',
-    '__copyright__',
-    '__version__',
+    "ParseResult",
+    "URIReference",
+    "IRIReference",
+    "is_valid_uri",
+    "normalize_uri",
+    "uri_reference",
+    "iri_reference",
+    "urlparse",
+    "__title__",
+    "__author__",
+    "__author_email__",
+    "__license__",
+    "__copyright__",
+    "__version__",
 )
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/_mixin.py b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/_mixin.py
index 543925c..4ddcb2d 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/_mixin.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/_mixin.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class URIMixin(object):
             If the authority is not ``None`` and can not be parsed.
         """
         if not self.authority:
-            return {'userinfo': None, 'host': None, 'port': None}
+            return {"userinfo": None, "host": None, "port": None}
 
         match = self._match_subauthority()
 
@@ -40,10 +40,13 @@ class URIMixin(object):
         # We had a match, now let's ensure that it is actually a valid host
         # address if it is IPv4
         matches = match.groupdict()
-        host = matches.get('host')
+        host = matches.get("host")
 
-        if (host and misc.IPv4_MATCHER.match(host) and not
-                validators.valid_ipv4_host_address(host)):
+        if (
+            host
+            and misc.IPv4_MATCHER.match(host)
+            and not validators.valid_ipv4_host_address(host)
+        ):
             # If we have a host, it appears to be IPv4 and it does not have
             # valid bytes, it is an InvalidAuthority.
             raise exc.InvalidAuthority(self.authority.encode(self.encoding))
@@ -60,7 +63,7 @@ class URIMixin(object):
             authority = self.authority_info()
         except exc.InvalidAuthority:
             return None
-        return authority['host']
+        return authority["host"]
 
     @property
     def port(self):
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ class URIMixin(object):
             authority = self.authority_info()
         except exc.InvalidAuthority:
             return None
-        return authority['port']
+        return authority["port"]
 
     @property
     def userinfo(self):
@@ -78,7 +81,7 @@ class URIMixin(object):
             authority = self.authority_info()
         except exc.InvalidAuthority:
             return None
-        return authority['userinfo']
+        return authority["userinfo"]
 
     def is_absolute(self):
         """Determine if this URI Reference is an absolute URI.
@@ -110,16 +113,18 @@ class URIMixin(object):
         :returns: ``True`` if the URI is valid. ``False`` otherwise.
         :rtype: bool
         """
-        warnings.warn("Please use rfc3986.validators.Validator instead. "
-                      "This method will be eventually removed.",
-                      DeprecationWarning)
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Please use rfc3986.validators.Validator instead. "
+            "This method will be eventually removed.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
         validators = [
-            (self.scheme_is_valid, kwargs.get('require_scheme', False)),
-            (self.authority_is_valid, kwargs.get('require_authority', False)),
-            (self.path_is_valid, kwargs.get('require_path', False)),
-            (self.query_is_valid, kwargs.get('require_query', False)),
-            (self.fragment_is_valid, kwargs.get('require_fragment', False)),
-            ]
+            (self.scheme_is_valid, kwargs.get("require_scheme", False)),
+            (self.authority_is_valid, kwargs.get("require_authority", False)),
+            (self.path_is_valid, kwargs.get("require_path", False)),
+            (self.query_is_valid, kwargs.get("require_query", False)),
+            (self.fragment_is_valid, kwargs.get("require_fragment", False)),
+        ]
         return all(v(r) for v, r in validators)
 
     def authority_is_valid(self, require=False):
@@ -136,18 +141,18 @@ class URIMixin(object):
         :rtype:
             bool
         """
-        warnings.warn("Please use rfc3986.validators.Validator instead. "
-                      "This method will be eventually removed.",
-                      DeprecationWarning)
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Please use rfc3986.validators.Validator instead. "
+            "This method will be eventually removed.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
         try:
             self.authority_info()
         except exc.InvalidAuthority:
             return False
 
         return validators.authority_is_valid(
-            self.authority,
-            host=self.host,
-            require=require,
+            self.authority, host=self.host, require=require
         )
 
     def scheme_is_valid(self, require=False):
@@ -162,9 +167,11 @@ class URIMixin(object):
         :returns: ``True`` if the scheme is valid. ``False`` otherwise.
         :rtype: bool
         """
-        warnings.warn("Please use rfc3986.validators.Validator instead. "
-                      "This method will be eventually removed.",
-                      DeprecationWarning)
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Please use rfc3986.validators.Validator instead. "
+            "This method will be eventually removed.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
         return validators.scheme_is_valid(self.scheme, require)
 
     def path_is_valid(self, require=False):
@@ -179,9 +186,11 @@ class URIMixin(object):
         :returns: ``True`` if the path is valid. ``False`` otherwise.
         :rtype: bool
         """
-        warnings.warn("Please use rfc3986.validators.Validator instead. "
-                      "This method will be eventually removed.",
-                      DeprecationWarning)
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Please use rfc3986.validators.Validator instead. "
+            "This method will be eventually removed.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
         return validators.path_is_valid(self.path, require)
 
     def query_is_valid(self, require=False):
@@ -196,9 +205,11 @@ class URIMixin(object):
         :returns: ``True`` if the query is valid. ``False`` otherwise.
         :rtype: bool
         """
-        warnings.warn("Please use rfc3986.validators.Validator instead. "
-                      "This method will be eventually removed.",
-                      DeprecationWarning)
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Please use rfc3986.validators.Validator instead. "
+            "This method will be eventually removed.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
         return validators.query_is_valid(self.query, require)
 
     def fragment_is_valid(self, require=False):
@@ -213,9 +224,11 @@ class URIMixin(object):
         :returns: ``True`` if the fragment is valid. ``False`` otherwise.
         :rtype: bool
         """
-        warnings.warn("Please use rfc3986.validators.Validator instead. "
-                      "This method will be eventually removed.",
-                      DeprecationWarning)
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Please use rfc3986.validators.Validator instead. "
+            "This method will be eventually removed.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
         return validators.fragment_is_valid(self.fragment, require)
 
     def normalized_equality(self, other_ref):
@@ -269,7 +282,7 @@ class URIMixin(object):
             if resolving.authority is not None:
                 target = resolving.copy_with(
                     scheme=base_uri.scheme,
-                    path=normalizers.normalize_path(resolving.path)
+                    path=normalizers.normalize_path(resolving.path),
                 )
             else:
                 if resolving.path is None:
@@ -281,10 +294,10 @@ class URIMixin(object):
                         scheme=base_uri.scheme,
                         authority=base_uri.authority,
                         path=base_uri.path,
-                        query=query
+                        query=query,
                     )
                 else:
-                    if resolving.path.startswith('/'):
+                    if resolving.path.startswith("/"):
                         path = normalizers.normalize_path(resolving.path)
                     else:
                         path = normalizers.normalize_path(
@@ -294,7 +307,7 @@ class URIMixin(object):
                         scheme=base_uri.scheme,
                         authority=base_uri.authority,
                         path=path,
-                        query=resolving.query
+                        query=resolving.query,
                     )
         return target
 
@@ -307,20 +320,25 @@ class URIMixin(object):
         # See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.3
         result_list = []
         if self.scheme:
-            result_list.extend([self.scheme, ':'])
+            result_list.extend([self.scheme, ":"])
         if self.authority:
-            result_list.extend(['//', self.authority])
+            result_list.extend(["//", self.authority])
         if self.path:
             result_list.append(self.path)
         if self.query is not None:
-            result_list.extend(['?', self.query])
+            result_list.extend(["?", self.query])
         if self.fragment is not None:
-            result_list.extend(['#', self.fragment])
-        return ''.join(result_list)
-
-    def copy_with(self, scheme=misc.UseExisting, authority=misc.UseExisting,
-                  path=misc.UseExisting, query=misc.UseExisting,
-                  fragment=misc.UseExisting):
+            result_list.extend(["#", self.fragment])
+        return "".join(result_list)
+
+    def copy_with(
+        self,
+        scheme=misc.UseExisting,
+        authority=misc.UseExisting,
+        path=misc.UseExisting,
+        query=misc.UseExisting,
+        fragment=misc.UseExisting,
+    ):
         """Create a copy of this reference with the new components.
 
         :param str scheme:
@@ -339,11 +357,11 @@ class URIMixin(object):
             URIReference
         """
         attributes = {
-            'scheme': scheme,
-            'authority': authority,
-            'path': path,
-            'query': query,
-            'fragment': fragment,
+            "scheme": scheme,
+            "authority": authority,
+            "path": path,
+            "query": query,
+            "fragment": fragment,
         }
         for key, value in list(attributes.items()):
             if value is misc.UseExisting:
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/abnf_regexp.py b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/abnf_regexp.py
index 24c9c3d..c461443 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/abnf_regexp.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/abnf_regexp.py
@@ -24,35 +24,35 @@ SUB_DELIMITERS_SET = set(SUB_DELIMITERS)
 # Escape the '*' for use in regular expressions
 SUB_DELIMITERS_RE = r"!$&'()\*+,;="
 RESERVED_CHARS_SET = GENERIC_DELIMITERS_SET.union(SUB_DELIMITERS_SET)
-ALPHA = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
-DIGIT = '0123456789'
+ALPHA = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+DIGIT = "0123456789"
 # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-2.3
-UNRESERVED = UNRESERVED_CHARS = ALPHA + DIGIT + r'._!-'
+UNRESERVED = UNRESERVED_CHARS = ALPHA + DIGIT + r"._!-"
 UNRESERVED_CHARS_SET = set(UNRESERVED_CHARS)
 NON_PCT_ENCODED_SET = RESERVED_CHARS_SET.union(UNRESERVED_CHARS_SET)
 # We need to escape the '-' in this case:
-UNRESERVED_RE = r'A-Za-z0-9._~\-'
+UNRESERVED_RE = r"A-Za-z0-9._~\-"
 
 # Percent encoded character values
-PERCENT_ENCODED = PCT_ENCODED = '%[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}'
-PCHAR = '([' + UNRESERVED_RE + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + ':@]|%s)' % PCT_ENCODED
+PERCENT_ENCODED = PCT_ENCODED = "%[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}"
+PCHAR = "([" + UNRESERVED_RE + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + ":@]|%s)" % PCT_ENCODED
 
 # NOTE(sigmavirus24): We're going to use more strict regular expressions
 # than appear in Appendix B for scheme. This will prevent over-eager
 # consuming of items that aren't schemes.
-SCHEME_RE = '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]*'
-_AUTHORITY_RE = '[^/?#]*'
-_PATH_RE = '[^?#]*'
-_QUERY_RE = '[^#]*'
-_FRAGMENT_RE = '.*'
+SCHEME_RE = "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]*"
+_AUTHORITY_RE = "[^/?#]*"
+_PATH_RE = "[^?#]*"
+_QUERY_RE = "[^#]*"
+_FRAGMENT_RE = ".*"
 
 # Extracted from http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#appendix-B
 COMPONENT_PATTERN_DICT = {
-    'scheme': SCHEME_RE,
-    'authority': _AUTHORITY_RE,
-    'path': _PATH_RE,
-    'query': _QUERY_RE,
-    'fragment': _FRAGMENT_RE,
+    "scheme": SCHEME_RE,
+    "authority": _AUTHORITY_RE,
+    "path": _PATH_RE,
+    "query": _QUERY_RE,
+    "fragment": _FRAGMENT_RE,
 }
 
 # See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#appendix-B
@@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ COMPONENT_PATTERN_DICT = {
 # modified to ignore other matches that are not important to the parsing of
 # the reference so we can also simply use SRE_Match#groups.
 URL_PARSING_RE = (
-    r'(?:(?P<scheme>{scheme}):)?(?://(?P<authority>{authority}))?'
-    r'(?P<path>{path})(?:\?(?P<query>{query}))?'
-    r'(?:#(?P<fragment>{fragment}))?'
+    r"(?:(?P<scheme>{scheme}):)?(?://(?P<authority>{authority}))?"
+    r"(?P<path>{path})(?:\?(?P<query>{query}))?"
+    r"(?:#(?P<fragment>{fragment}))?"
 ).format(**COMPONENT_PATTERN_DICT)
 
 
@@ -73,71 +73,58 @@ URL_PARSING_RE = (
 
 # Host patterns, see: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.2
 # The pattern for a regular name, e.g.,  www.google.com, api.github.com
-REGULAR_NAME_RE = REG_NAME = '((?:{0}|[{1}])*)'.format(
-    '%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}', SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + UNRESERVED_RE
+REGULAR_NAME_RE = REG_NAME = "((?:{0}|[{1}])*)".format(
+    "%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}", SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + UNRESERVED_RE
 )
 # The pattern for an IPv4 address, e.g., 192.168.255.255, 127.0.0.1,
-IPv4_RE = r'([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}'
+IPv4_RE = r"([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}"
 # Hexadecimal characters used in each piece of an IPv6 address
-HEXDIG_RE = '[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}'
+HEXDIG_RE = "[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}"
 # Least-significant 32 bits of an IPv6 address
-LS32_RE = '({hex}:{hex}|{ipv4})'.format(hex=HEXDIG_RE, ipv4=IPv4_RE)
+LS32_RE = "({hex}:{hex}|{ipv4})".format(hex=HEXDIG_RE, ipv4=IPv4_RE)
 # Substitutions into the following patterns for IPv6 patterns defined
 # http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#page-20
-_subs = {'hex': HEXDIG_RE, 'ls32': LS32_RE}
+_subs = {"hex": HEXDIG_RE, "ls32": LS32_RE}
 
 # Below: h16 = hexdig, see: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5234 for details
 # about ABNF (Augmented Backus-Naur Form) use in the comments
 variations = [
     #                            6( h16 ":" ) ls32
-    '(%(hex)s:){6}%(ls32)s' % _subs,
+    "(%(hex)s:){6}%(ls32)s" % _subs,
     #                       "::" 5( h16 ":" ) ls32
-    '::(%(hex)s:){5}%(ls32)s' % _subs,
+    "::(%(hex)s:){5}%(ls32)s" % _subs,
     # [               h16 ] "::" 4( h16 ":" ) ls32
-    '(%(hex)s)?::(%(hex)s:){4}%(ls32)s' % _subs,
+    "(%(hex)s)?::(%(hex)s:){4}%(ls32)s" % _subs,
     # [ *1( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 3( h16 ":" ) ls32
-    '((%(hex)s:)?%(hex)s)?::(%(hex)s:){3}%(ls32)s' % _subs,
+    "((%(hex)s:)?%(hex)s)?::(%(hex)s:){3}%(ls32)s" % _subs,
     # [ *2( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 2( h16 ":" ) ls32
-    '((%(hex)s:){0,2}%(hex)s)?::(%(hex)s:){2}%(ls32)s' % _subs,
+    "((%(hex)s:){0,2}%(hex)s)?::(%(hex)s:){2}%(ls32)s" % _subs,
     # [ *3( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"    h16 ":"   ls32
-    '((%(hex)s:){0,3}%(hex)s)?::%(hex)s:%(ls32)s' % _subs,
+    "((%(hex)s:){0,3}%(hex)s)?::%(hex)s:%(ls32)s" % _subs,
     # [ *4( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"              ls32
-    '((%(hex)s:){0,4}%(hex)s)?::%(ls32)s' % _subs,
+    "((%(hex)s:){0,4}%(hex)s)?::%(ls32)s" % _subs,
     # [ *5( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"              h16
-    '((%(hex)s:){0,5}%(hex)s)?::%(hex)s' % _subs,
+    "((%(hex)s:){0,5}%(hex)s)?::%(hex)s" % _subs,
     # [ *6( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"
-    '((%(hex)s:){0,6}%(hex)s)?::' % _subs,
+    "((%(hex)s:){0,6}%(hex)s)?::" % _subs,
 ]
 
-IPv6_RE = '(({0})|({1})|({2})|({3})|({4})|({5})|({6})|({7})|({8}))'.format(
-    *variations
-)
+IPv6_RE = "(({0})|({1})|({2})|({3})|({4})|({5})|({6})|({7})|({8}))".format(*variations)
 
-IPv_FUTURE_RE = r'v[0-9A-Fa-f]+\.[%s]+' % (
-    UNRESERVED_RE + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + ':'
-)
+IPv_FUTURE_RE = r"v[0-9A-Fa-f]+\.[%s]+" % (UNRESERVED_RE + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + ":")
 
 # RFC 6874 Zone ID ABNF
-ZONE_ID = '(?:[' + UNRESERVED_RE + ']|' + PCT_ENCODED + ')+'
+ZONE_ID = "(?:[" + UNRESERVED_RE + "]|" + PCT_ENCODED + ")+"
 
-IPv6_ADDRZ_RFC4007_RE = IPv6_RE + '(?:(?:%25|%)' + ZONE_ID + ')?'
-IPv6_ADDRZ_RE = IPv6_RE + '(?:%25' + ZONE_ID + ')?'
+IPv6_ADDRZ_RFC4007_RE = IPv6_RE + "(?:(?:%25|%)" + ZONE_ID + ")?"
+IPv6_ADDRZ_RE = IPv6_RE + "(?:%25" + ZONE_ID + ")?"
 
-IP_LITERAL_RE = r'\[({0}|{1})\]'.format(
-    IPv6_ADDRZ_RFC4007_RE,
-    IPv_FUTURE_RE,
-)
+IP_LITERAL_RE = r"\[({0}|{1})\]".format(IPv6_ADDRZ_RFC4007_RE, IPv_FUTURE_RE)
 
 # Pattern for matching the host piece of the authority
-HOST_RE = HOST_PATTERN = '({0}|{1}|{2})'.format(
-    REG_NAME,
-    IPv4_RE,
-    IP_LITERAL_RE,
-)
-USERINFO_RE = '^([' + UNRESERVED_RE + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + ':]|%s)+' % (
-    PCT_ENCODED
-)
-PORT_RE = '[0-9]{1,5}'
+HOST_RE = HOST_PATTERN = "({0}|{1}|{2})".format(REG_NAME, IPv4_RE, IP_LITERAL_RE)
+USERINFO_RE = "^([" + UNRESERVED_RE + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + ":]|%s)+" % (PCT_ENCODED)
+PORT_RE = "[0-9]{1,5}"
 
 # ####################
 # Path Matcher Section
@@ -146,25 +133,29 @@ PORT_RE = '[0-9]{1,5}'
 # See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.3 for more information
 # about the path patterns defined below.
 segments = {
-    'segment': PCHAR + '*',
+    "segment": PCHAR + "*",
     # Non-zero length segment
-    'segment-nz': PCHAR + '+',
+    "segment-nz": PCHAR + "+",
     # Non-zero length segment without ":"
-    'segment-nz-nc': PCHAR.replace(':', '') + '+'
+    "segment-nz-nc": PCHAR.replace(":", "") + "+",
 }
 
 # Path types taken from Section 3.3 (linked above)
-PATH_EMPTY = '^$'
-PATH_ROOTLESS = '%(segment-nz)s(/%(segment)s)*' % segments
-PATH_NOSCHEME = '%(segment-nz-nc)s(/%(segment)s)*' % segments
-PATH_ABSOLUTE = '/(%s)?' % PATH_ROOTLESS
-PATH_ABEMPTY = '(/%(segment)s)*' % segments
-PATH_RE = '^(%s|%s|%s|%s|%s)$' % (
-    PATH_ABEMPTY, PATH_ABSOLUTE, PATH_NOSCHEME, PATH_ROOTLESS, PATH_EMPTY
+PATH_EMPTY = "^$"
+PATH_ROOTLESS = "%(segment-nz)s(/%(segment)s)*" % segments
+PATH_NOSCHEME = "%(segment-nz-nc)s(/%(segment)s)*" % segments
+PATH_ABSOLUTE = "/(%s)?" % PATH_ROOTLESS
+PATH_ABEMPTY = "(/%(segment)s)*" % segments
+PATH_RE = "^(%s|%s|%s|%s|%s)$" % (
+    PATH_ABEMPTY,
+    PATH_ABSOLUTE,
+    PATH_NOSCHEME,
+    PATH_ROOTLESS,
+    PATH_EMPTY,
 )
 
 FRAGMENT_RE = QUERY_RE = (
-    '^([/?:@' + UNRESERVED_RE + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + ']|%s)*$' % PCT_ENCODED
+    "^([/?:@" + UNRESERVED_RE + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + "]|%s)*$" % PCT_ENCODED
 )
 
 # ##########################
@@ -172,8 +163,8 @@ FRAGMENT_RE = QUERY_RE = (
 # ##########################
 
 # See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-4.2 for details
-RELATIVE_PART_RE = '(//%s%s|%s|%s|%s)' % (
-    COMPONENT_PATTERN_DICT['authority'],
+RELATIVE_PART_RE = "(//%s%s|%s|%s|%s)" % (
+    COMPONENT_PATTERN_DICT["authority"],
     PATH_ABEMPTY,
     PATH_ABSOLUTE,
     PATH_NOSCHEME,
@@ -181,8 +172,8 @@ RELATIVE_PART_RE = '(//%s%s|%s|%s|%s)' % (
 )
 
 # See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3 for definition
-HIER_PART_RE = '(//%s%s|%s|%s|%s)' % (
-    COMPONENT_PATTERN_DICT['authority'],
+HIER_PART_RE = "(//%s%s|%s|%s|%s)" % (
+    COMPONENT_PATTERN_DICT["authority"],
     PATH_ABEMPTY,
     PATH_ABSOLUTE,
     PATH_ROOTLESS,
@@ -195,71 +186,75 @@ HIER_PART_RE = '(//%s%s|%s|%s|%s)' % (
 
 # Only wide-unicode gets the high-ranges of UCSCHAR
 if sys.maxunicode > 0xFFFF:  # pragma: no cover
-    IPRIVATE = u'\uE000-\uF8FF\U000F0000-\U000FFFFD\U00100000-\U0010FFFD'
+    IPRIVATE = u"\uE000-\uF8FF\U000F0000-\U000FFFFD\U00100000-\U0010FFFD"
     UCSCHAR_RE = (
-        u'\u00A0-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF'
-        u'\U00010000-\U0001FFFD\U00020000-\U0002FFFD'
-        u'\U00030000-\U0003FFFD\U00040000-\U0004FFFD'
-        u'\U00050000-\U0005FFFD\U00060000-\U0006FFFD'
-        u'\U00070000-\U0007FFFD\U00080000-\U0008FFFD'
-        u'\U00090000-\U0009FFFD\U000A0000-\U000AFFFD'
-        u'\U000B0000-\U000BFFFD\U000C0000-\U000CFFFD'
-        u'\U000D0000-\U000DFFFD\U000E1000-\U000EFFFD'
+        u"\u00A0-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF"
+        u"\U00010000-\U0001FFFD\U00020000-\U0002FFFD"
+        u"\U00030000-\U0003FFFD\U00040000-\U0004FFFD"
+        u"\U00050000-\U0005FFFD\U00060000-\U0006FFFD"
+        u"\U00070000-\U0007FFFD\U00080000-\U0008FFFD"
+        u"\U00090000-\U0009FFFD\U000A0000-\U000AFFFD"
+        u"\U000B0000-\U000BFFFD\U000C0000-\U000CFFFD"
+        u"\U000D0000-\U000DFFFD\U000E1000-\U000EFFFD"
     )
 else:  # pragma: no cover
-    IPRIVATE = u'\uE000-\uF8FF'
-    UCSCHAR_RE = (
-        u'\u00A0-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF'
-    )
+    IPRIVATE = u"\uE000-\uF8FF"
+    UCSCHAR_RE = u"\u00A0-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF"
 
-IUNRESERVED_RE = u'A-Za-z0-9\\._~\\-' + UCSCHAR_RE
-IPCHAR = u'([' + IUNRESERVED_RE + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + u':@]|%s)' % PCT_ENCODED
+IUNRESERVED_RE = u"A-Za-z0-9\\._~\\-" + UCSCHAR_RE
+IPCHAR = u"([" + IUNRESERVED_RE + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + u":@]|%s)" % PCT_ENCODED
 
 isegments = {
-    'isegment': IPCHAR + u'*',
+    "isegment": IPCHAR + u"*",
     # Non-zero length segment
-    'isegment-nz': IPCHAR + u'+',
+    "isegment-nz": IPCHAR + u"+",
     # Non-zero length segment without ":"
-    'isegment-nz-nc': IPCHAR.replace(':', '') + u'+'
+    "isegment-nz-nc": IPCHAR.replace(":", "") + u"+",
 }
 
-IPATH_ROOTLESS = u'%(isegment-nz)s(/%(isegment)s)*' % isegments
-IPATH_NOSCHEME = u'%(isegment-nz-nc)s(/%(isegment)s)*' % isegments
-IPATH_ABSOLUTE = u'/(?:%s)?' % IPATH_ROOTLESS
-IPATH_ABEMPTY = u'(?:/%(isegment)s)*' % isegments
-IPATH_RE = u'^(?:%s|%s|%s|%s|%s)$' % (
-    IPATH_ABEMPTY, IPATH_ABSOLUTE, IPATH_NOSCHEME, IPATH_ROOTLESS, PATH_EMPTY
+IPATH_ROOTLESS = u"%(isegment-nz)s(/%(isegment)s)*" % isegments
+IPATH_NOSCHEME = u"%(isegment-nz-nc)s(/%(isegment)s)*" % isegments
+IPATH_ABSOLUTE = u"/(?:%s)?" % IPATH_ROOTLESS
+IPATH_ABEMPTY = u"(?:/%(isegment)s)*" % isegments
+IPATH_RE = u"^(?:%s|%s|%s|%s|%s)$" % (
+    IPATH_ABEMPTY,
+    IPATH_ABSOLUTE,
+    IPATH_NOSCHEME,
+    IPATH_ROOTLESS,
+    PATH_EMPTY,
 )
 
-IREGULAR_NAME_RE = IREG_NAME = u'(?:{0}|[{1}])*'.format(
-    u'%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}', SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + IUNRESERVED_RE
+IREGULAR_NAME_RE = IREG_NAME = u"(?:{0}|[{1}])*".format(
+    u"%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}", SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + IUNRESERVED_RE
 )
 
-IHOST_RE = IHOST_PATTERN = u'({0}|{1}|{2})'.format(
-    IREG_NAME,
-    IPv4_RE,
-    IP_LITERAL_RE,
-)
+IHOST_RE = IHOST_PATTERN = u"({0}|{1}|{2})".format(IREG_NAME, IPv4_RE, IP_LITERAL_RE)
 
-IUSERINFO_RE = u'^(?:[' + IUNRESERVED_RE + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + u':]|%s)+' % (
-    PCT_ENCODED
+IUSERINFO_RE = (
+    u"^(?:[" + IUNRESERVED_RE + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + u":]|%s)+" % (PCT_ENCODED)
 )
 
-IFRAGMENT_RE = (u'^(?:[/?:@' + IUNRESERVED_RE + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE
-                + u']|%s)*$' % PCT_ENCODED)
-IQUERY_RE = (u'^(?:[/?:@' + IUNRESERVED_RE + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE
-             + IPRIVATE + u']|%s)*$' % PCT_ENCODED)
+IFRAGMENT_RE = (
+    u"^(?:[/?:@" + IUNRESERVED_RE + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + u"]|%s)*$" % PCT_ENCODED
+)
+IQUERY_RE = (
+    u"^(?:[/?:@"
+    + IUNRESERVED_RE
+    + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE
+    + IPRIVATE
+    + u"]|%s)*$" % PCT_ENCODED
+)
 
-IRELATIVE_PART_RE = u'(//%s%s|%s|%s|%s)' % (
-    COMPONENT_PATTERN_DICT['authority'],
+IRELATIVE_PART_RE = u"(//%s%s|%s|%s|%s)" % (
+    COMPONENT_PATTERN_DICT["authority"],
     IPATH_ABEMPTY,
     IPATH_ABSOLUTE,
     IPATH_NOSCHEME,
     PATH_EMPTY,
 )
 
-IHIER_PART_RE = u'(//%s%s|%s|%s|%s)' % (
-    COMPONENT_PATTERN_DICT['authority'],
+IHIER_PART_RE = u"(//%s%s|%s|%s|%s)" % (
+    COMPONENT_PATTERN_DICT["authority"],
     IPATH_ABEMPTY,
     IPATH_ABSOLUTE,
     IPATH_ROOTLESS,
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/api.py b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/api.py
index ddc4a1c..1e098b3 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/api.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/api.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from .parseresult import ParseResult
 from .uri import URIReference
 
 
-def uri_reference(uri, encoding='utf-8'):
+def uri_reference(uri, encoding="utf-8"):
     """Parse a URI string into a URIReference.
 
     This is a convenience function. You could achieve the same end by using
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def uri_reference(uri, encoding='utf-8'):
     return URIReference.from_string(uri, encoding)
 
 
-def iri_reference(iri, encoding='utf-8'):
+def iri_reference(iri, encoding="utf-8"):
     """Parse a IRI string into an IRIReference.
 
     This is a convenience function. You could achieve the same end by using
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def iri_reference(iri, encoding='utf-8'):
     return IRIReference.from_string(iri, encoding)
 
 
-def is_valid_uri(uri, encoding='utf-8', **kwargs):
+def is_valid_uri(uri, encoding="utf-8", **kwargs):
     """Determine if the URI given is valid.
 
     This is a convenience function. You could use either
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ def is_valid_uri(uri, encoding='utf-8', **kwargs):
     return URIReference.from_string(uri, encoding).is_valid(**kwargs)
 
 
-def normalize_uri(uri, encoding='utf-8'):
+def normalize_uri(uri, encoding="utf-8"):
     """Normalize the given URI.
 
     This is a convenience function. You could use either
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ def normalize_uri(uri, encoding='utf-8'):
     return normalized_reference.unsplit()
 
 
-def urlparse(uri, encoding='utf-8'):
+def urlparse(uri, encoding="utf-8"):
     """Parse a given URI and return a ParseResult.
 
     This is a partial replacement of the standard library's urlparse function.
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/builder.py b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/builder.py
index 7934279..bbabfaf 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/builder.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/builder.py
@@ -29,8 +29,16 @@ class URIBuilder(object):
 
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, scheme=None, userinfo=None, host=None, port=None,
-                 path=None, query=None, fragment=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        scheme=None,
+        userinfo=None,
+        host=None,
+        port=None,
+        path=None,
+        query=None,
+        fragment=None,
+    ):
         """Initialize our URI builder.
 
         :param str scheme:
@@ -58,9 +66,11 @@ class URIBuilder(object):
 
     def __repr__(self):
         """Provide a convenient view of our builder object."""
-        formatstr = ('URIBuilder(scheme={b.scheme}, userinfo={b.userinfo}, '
-                     'host={b.host}, port={b.port}, path={b.path}, '
-                     'query={b.query}, fragment={b.fragment})')
+        formatstr = (
+            "URIBuilder(scheme={b.scheme}, userinfo={b.userinfo}, "
+            "host={b.host}, port={b.port}, path={b.path}, "
+            "query={b.query}, fragment={b.fragment})"
+        )
         return formatstr.format(b=self)
 
     def add_scheme(self, scheme):
@@ -101,13 +111,12 @@ class URIBuilder(object):
                     port=None, path=None, query=None, fragment=None)
         """
         if username is None:
-            raise ValueError('Username cannot be None')
+            raise ValueError("Username cannot be None")
         userinfo = normalizers.normalize_username(username)
 
         if password is not None:
-            userinfo = '{}:{}'.format(
-                userinfo,
-                normalizers.normalize_password(password),
+            userinfo = "{}:{}".format(
+                userinfo, normalizers.normalize_password(password)
             )
 
         return URIBuilder(
@@ -157,23 +166,19 @@ class URIBuilder(object):
         port_int = int(port)
         if port_int < 0:
             raise ValueError(
-                'ports are not allowed to be negative. You provided {}'.format(
-                    port_int,
-                )
+                "ports are not allowed to be negative. You provided {}".format(port_int)
             )
         if port_int > 65535:
             raise ValueError(
-                'ports are not allowed to be larger than 65535. '
-                'You provided {}'.format(
-                    port_int,
-                )
+                "ports are not allowed to be larger than 65535. "
+                "You provided {}".format(port_int)
             )
 
         return URIBuilder(
             scheme=self.scheme,
             userinfo=self.userinfo,
             host=self.host,
-            port='{}'.format(port_int),
+            port="{}".format(port_int),
             path=self.path,
             query=self.query,
             fragment=self.fragment,
@@ -193,8 +198,8 @@ class URIBuilder(object):
                     path='/checkout.php', query=None, fragment=None)
 
         """
-        if not path.startswith('/'):
-            path = '/{}'.format(path)
+        if not path.startswith("/"):
+            path = "/{}".format(path)
 
         return URIBuilder(
             scheme=self.scheme,
@@ -289,9 +294,7 @@ class URIBuilder(object):
         """
         return uri.URIReference(
             self.scheme,
-            normalizers.normalize_authority(
-                (self.userinfo, self.host, self.port)
-            ),
+            normalizers.normalize_authority((self.userinfo, self.host, self.port)),
             self.path,
             self.query,
             self.fragment,
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/compat.py b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/compat.py
index 8968c38..36e490a 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/compat.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/compat.py
@@ -25,12 +25,7 @@ try:
 except ImportError:  # Python 2.x
     from urllib import urlencode
 
-__all__ = (
-    'to_bytes',
-    'to_str',
-    'urlquote',
-    'urlencode',
-)
+__all__ = ("to_bytes", "to_str", "urlquote", "urlencode")
 
 PY3 = (3, 0) <= sys.version_info < (4, 0)
 PY2 = (2, 6) <= sys.version_info < (2, 8)
@@ -40,15 +35,15 @@ if PY3:
     unicode = str  # Python 3.x
 
 
-def to_str(b, encoding='utf-8'):
+def to_str(b, encoding="utf-8"):
     """Ensure that b is text in the specified encoding."""
-    if hasattr(b, 'decode') and not isinstance(b, unicode):
+    if hasattr(b, "decode") and not isinstance(b, unicode):
         b = b.decode(encoding)
     return b
 
 
-def to_bytes(s, encoding='utf-8'):
+def to_bytes(s, encoding="utf-8"):
     """Ensure that s is converted to bytes from the encoding."""
-    if hasattr(s, 'encode') and not isinstance(s, bytes):
+    if hasattr(s, "encode") and not isinstance(s, bytes):
         s = s.encode(encoding)
     return s
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/exceptions.py b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/exceptions.py
index da8ca7c..865f9bd 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/exceptions.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/exceptions.py
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ class InvalidAuthority(RFC3986Exception):
     def __init__(self, authority):
         """Initialize the exception with the invalid authority."""
         super(InvalidAuthority, self).__init__(
-            u"The authority ({0}) is not valid.".format(
-                compat.to_str(authority)))
+            u"The authority ({0}) is not valid.".format(compat.to_str(authority))
+        )
 
 
 class InvalidPort(RFC3986Exception):
@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@ class InvalidPort(RFC3986Exception):
 
     def __init__(self, port):
         """Initialize the exception with the invalid port."""
-        super(InvalidPort, self).__init__(
-            'The port ("{0}") is not valid.'.format(port))
+        super(InvalidPort, self).__init__('The port ("{0}") is not valid.'.format(port))
 
 
 class ResolutionError(RFC3986Exception):
@@ -35,7 +34,8 @@ class ResolutionError(RFC3986Exception):
     def __init__(self, uri):
         """Initialize the error with the failed URI."""
         super(ResolutionError, self).__init__(
-            "{0} is not an absolute URI.".format(uri.unsplit()))
+            "{0} is not an absolute URI.".format(uri.unsplit())
+        )
 
 
 class ValidationError(RFC3986Exception):
@@ -49,17 +49,15 @@ class MissingComponentError(ValidationError):
 
     def __init__(self, uri, *component_names):
         """Initialize the error with the missing component name."""
-        verb = 'was'
+        verb = "was"
         if len(component_names) > 1:
-            verb = 'were'
+            verb = "were"
 
         self.uri = uri
         self.components = sorted(component_names)
-        components = ', '.join(self.components)
+        components = ", ".join(self.components)
         super(MissingComponentError, self).__init__(
-            "{} {} required but missing".format(components, verb),
-            uri,
-            self.components,
+            "{} {} required but missing".format(components, verb), uri, self.components
         )
 
 
@@ -70,7 +68,7 @@ class UnpermittedComponentError(ValidationError):
         """Initialize the error with the unpermitted component."""
         super(UnpermittedComponentError, self).__init__(
             "{} was required to be one of {!r} but was {!r}".format(
-                component_name, list(sorted(allowed_values)), component_value,
+                component_name, list(sorted(allowed_values)), component_value
             ),
             component_name,
             component_value,
@@ -86,11 +84,9 @@ class PasswordForbidden(ValidationError):
 
     def __init__(self, uri):
         """Initialize the error with the URI that failed validation."""
-        unsplit = getattr(uri, 'unsplit', lambda: uri)
+        unsplit = getattr(uri, "unsplit", lambda: uri)
         super(PasswordForbidden, self).__init__(
-            '"{}" contained a password when validation forbade it'.format(
-                unsplit()
-            )
+            '"{}" contained a password when validation forbade it'.format(unsplit())
         )
         self.uri = uri
 
@@ -100,17 +96,15 @@ class InvalidComponentsError(ValidationError):
 
     def __init__(self, uri, *component_names):
         """Initialize the error with the invalid component name(s)."""
-        verb = 'was'
+        verb = "was"
         if len(component_names) > 1:
-            verb = 'were'
+            verb = "were"
 
         self.uri = uri
         self.components = sorted(component_names)
-        components = ', '.join(self.components)
+        components = ", ".join(self.components)
         super(InvalidComponentsError, self).__init__(
-            "{} {} found to be invalid".format(components, verb),
-            uri,
-            self.components,
+            "{} {} found to be invalid".format(components, verb), uri, self.components
         )
 
 
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/iri.py b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/iri.py
index 9c01fe1..a15e838 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/iri.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/iri.py
@@ -29,8 +29,7 @@ except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
     idna = None
 
 
-class IRIReference(namedtuple('IRIReference', misc.URI_COMPONENTS),
-                   uri.URIMixin):
+class IRIReference(namedtuple("IRIReference", misc.URI_COMPONENTS), uri.URIMixin):
     """Immutable object representing a parsed IRI Reference.
 
     Can be encoded into an URIReference object via the procedure
@@ -43,16 +42,11 @@ class IRIReference(namedtuple('IRIReference', misc.URI_COMPONENTS),
 
     slots = ()
 
-    def __new__(cls, scheme, authority, path, query, fragment,
-                encoding='utf-8'):
+    def __new__(cls, scheme, authority, path, query, fragment, encoding="utf-8"):
         """Create a new IRIReference."""
         ref = super(IRIReference, cls).__new__(
-            cls,
-            scheme or None,
-            authority or None,
-            path or None,
-            query,
-            fragment)
+            cls, scheme or None, authority or None, path or None, query, fragment
+        )
         ref.encoding = encoding
         return ref
 
@@ -66,8 +60,10 @@ class IRIReference(namedtuple('IRIReference', misc.URI_COMPONENTS),
                 other_ref = self.__class__.from_string(other)
             except TypeError:
                 raise TypeError(
-                    'Unable to compare {0}() to {1}()'.format(
-                        type(self).__name__, type(other).__name__))
+                    "Unable to compare {0}() to {1}()".format(
+                        type(self).__name__, type(other).__name__
+                    )
+                )
 
         # See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-6.2
         return tuple(self) == tuple(other_ref)
@@ -76,7 +72,7 @@ class IRIReference(namedtuple('IRIReference', misc.URI_COMPONENTS),
         return misc.ISUBAUTHORITY_MATCHER.match(self.authority)
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_string(cls, iri_string, encoding='utf-8'):
+    def from_string(cls, iri_string, encoding="utf-8"):
         """Parse a IRI reference from the given unicode IRI string.
 
         :param str iri_string: Unicode IRI to be parsed into a reference.
@@ -87,10 +83,11 @@ class IRIReference(namedtuple('IRIReference', misc.URI_COMPONENTS),
 
         split_iri = misc.IRI_MATCHER.match(iri_string).groupdict()
         return cls(
-            split_iri['scheme'], split_iri['authority'],
-            normalizers.encode_component(split_iri['path'], encoding),
-            normalizers.encode_component(split_iri['query'], encoding),
-            normalizers.encode_component(split_iri['fragment'], encoding),
+            split_iri["scheme"],
+            split_iri["authority"],
+            normalizers.encode_component(split_iri["path"], encoding),
+            normalizers.encode_component(split_iri["query"], encoding),
+            normalizers.encode_component(split_iri["fragment"], encoding),
             encoding,
         )
 
@@ -120,28 +117,34 @@ class IRIReference(namedtuple('IRIReference', misc.URI_COMPONENTS),
                 def idna_encoder(name):
                     if any(ord(c) > 128 for c in name):
                         try:
-                            return idna.encode(name.lower(),
-                                               strict=True,
-                                               std3_rules=True)
+                            return idna.encode(
+                                name.lower(), strict=True, std3_rules=True
+                            )
                         except idna.IDNAError:
                             raise exceptions.InvalidAuthority(self.authority)
                     return name
 
             authority = ""
             if self.host:
-                authority = ".".join([compat.to_str(idna_encoder(part))
-                                      for part in self.host.split(".")])
+                authority = ".".join(
+                    [compat.to_str(idna_encoder(part)) for part in self.host.split(".")]
+                )
 
             if self.userinfo is not None:
-                authority = (normalizers.encode_component(
-                             self.userinfo, self.encoding) + '@' + authority)
+                authority = (
+                    normalizers.encode_component(self.userinfo, self.encoding)
+                    + "@"
+                    + authority
+                )
 
             if self.port is not None:
                 authority += ":" + str(self.port)
 
-        return uri.URIReference(self.scheme,
-                                authority,
-                                path=self.path,
-                                query=self.query,
-                                fragment=self.fragment,
-                                encoding=self.encoding)
+        return uri.URIReference(
+            self.scheme,
+            authority,
+            path=self.path,
+            query=self.query,
+            fragment=self.fragment,
+            encoding=self.encoding,
+        )
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/misc.py b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/misc.py
index 00f9f3b..353a629 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/misc.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/misc.py
@@ -25,16 +25,16 @@ from . import abnf_regexp
 
 # These are enumerated for the named tuple used as a superclass of
 # URIReference
-URI_COMPONENTS = ['scheme', 'authority', 'path', 'query', 'fragment']
+URI_COMPONENTS = ["scheme", "authority", "path", "query", "fragment"]
 
 important_characters = {
-    'generic_delimiters': abnf_regexp.GENERIC_DELIMITERS,
-    'sub_delimiters': abnf_regexp.SUB_DELIMITERS,
+    "generic_delimiters": abnf_regexp.GENERIC_DELIMITERS,
+    "sub_delimiters": abnf_regexp.SUB_DELIMITERS,
     # We need to escape the '*' in this case
-    're_sub_delimiters': abnf_regexp.SUB_DELIMITERS_RE,
-    'unreserved_chars': abnf_regexp.UNRESERVED_CHARS,
+    "re_sub_delimiters": abnf_regexp.SUB_DELIMITERS_RE,
+    "unreserved_chars": abnf_regexp.UNRESERVED_CHARS,
     # We need to escape the '-' in this case:
-    're_unreserved': abnf_regexp.UNRESERVED_RE,
+    "re_unreserved": abnf_regexp.UNRESERVED_RE,
 }
 
 # For details about delimiters and reserved characters, see:
@@ -49,23 +49,21 @@ NON_PCT_ENCODED = abnf_regexp.NON_PCT_ENCODED_SET
 
 URI_MATCHER = re.compile(abnf_regexp.URL_PARSING_RE)
 
-SUBAUTHORITY_MATCHER = re.compile((
-    '^(?:(?P<userinfo>{0})@)?'  # userinfo
-    '(?P<host>{1})'  # host
-    ':?(?P<port>{2})?$'  # port
-    ).format(abnf_regexp.USERINFO_RE,
-             abnf_regexp.HOST_PATTERN,
-             abnf_regexp.PORT_RE))
+SUBAUTHORITY_MATCHER = re.compile(
+    (
+        "^(?:(?P<userinfo>{0})@)?"  # userinfo
+        "(?P<host>{1})"  # host
+        ":?(?P<port>{2})?$"  # port
+    ).format(abnf_regexp.USERINFO_RE, abnf_regexp.HOST_PATTERN, abnf_regexp.PORT_RE)
+)
 
 
-HOST_MATCHER = re.compile('^' + abnf_regexp.HOST_RE + '$')
-IPv4_MATCHER = re.compile('^' + abnf_regexp.IPv4_RE + '$')
-IPv6_MATCHER = re.compile(r'^\[' + abnf_regexp.IPv6_ADDRZ_RFC4007_RE + r'\]$')
+HOST_MATCHER = re.compile("^" + abnf_regexp.HOST_RE + "$")
+IPv4_MATCHER = re.compile("^" + abnf_regexp.IPv4_RE + "$")
+IPv6_MATCHER = re.compile(r"^\[" + abnf_regexp.IPv6_ADDRZ_RFC4007_RE + r"\]$")
 
 # Used by host validator
-IPv6_NO_RFC4007_MATCHER = re.compile(r'^\[%s\]$' % (
-    abnf_regexp.IPv6_ADDRZ_RE
-))
+IPv6_NO_RFC4007_MATCHER = re.compile(r"^\[%s\]$" % (abnf_regexp.IPv6_ADDRZ_RE))
 
 # Matcher used to validate path components
 PATH_MATCHER = re.compile(abnf_regexp.PATH_RE)
@@ -80,20 +78,22 @@ QUERY_MATCHER = re.compile(abnf_regexp.QUERY_RE)
 FRAGMENT_MATCHER = QUERY_MATCHER
 
 # Scheme validation, see: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.1
-SCHEME_MATCHER = re.compile('^{0}$'.format(abnf_regexp.SCHEME_RE))
+SCHEME_MATCHER = re.compile("^{0}$".format(abnf_regexp.SCHEME_RE))
 
-RELATIVE_REF_MATCHER = re.compile(r'^%s(\?%s)?(#%s)?$' % (
-    abnf_regexp.RELATIVE_PART_RE,
-    abnf_regexp.QUERY_RE,
-    abnf_regexp.FRAGMENT_RE,
-))
+RELATIVE_REF_MATCHER = re.compile(
+    r"^%s(\?%s)?(#%s)?$"
+    % (abnf_regexp.RELATIVE_PART_RE, abnf_regexp.QUERY_RE, abnf_regexp.FRAGMENT_RE)
+)
 
 # See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-4.3
-ABSOLUTE_URI_MATCHER = re.compile(r'^%s:%s(\?%s)?$' % (
-    abnf_regexp.COMPONENT_PATTERN_DICT['scheme'],
-    abnf_regexp.HIER_PART_RE,
-    abnf_regexp.QUERY_RE[1:-1],
-))
+ABSOLUTE_URI_MATCHER = re.compile(
+    r"^%s:%s(\?%s)?$"
+    % (
+        abnf_regexp.COMPONENT_PATTERN_DICT["scheme"],
+        abnf_regexp.HIER_PART_RE,
+        abnf_regexp.QUERY_RE[1:-1],
+    )
+)
 
 # ###############
 # IRIs / RFC 3987
@@ -101,46 +101,25 @@ ABSOLUTE_URI_MATCHER = re.compile(r'^%s:%s(\?%s)?$' % (
 
 IRI_MATCHER = re.compile(abnf_regexp.URL_PARSING_RE, re.UNICODE)
 
-ISUBAUTHORITY_MATCHER = re.compile((
-    u'^(?:(?P<userinfo>{0})@)?'  # iuserinfo
-    u'(?P<host>{1})'  # ihost
-    u':?(?P<port>{2})?$'  # port
-    ).format(abnf_regexp.IUSERINFO_RE,
-             abnf_regexp.IHOST_RE,
-             abnf_regexp.PORT_RE), re.UNICODE)
-
-
-IHOST_MATCHER = re.compile('^' + abnf_regexp.IHOST_RE + '$', re.UNICODE)
-
-IPATH_MATCHER = re.compile(abnf_regexp.IPATH_RE, re.UNICODE)
-
-IQUERY_MATCHER = re.compile(abnf_regexp.IQUERY_RE, re.UNICODE)
-
-IFRAGMENT_MATCHER = re.compile(abnf_regexp.IFRAGMENT_RE, re.UNICODE)
-
-
-RELATIVE_IRI_MATCHER = re.compile(u'^%s(?:\\?%s)?(?:%s)?$' % (
-    abnf_regexp.IRELATIVE_PART_RE,
-    abnf_regexp.IQUERY_RE,
-    abnf_regexp.IFRAGMENT_RE
-), re.UNICODE)
-
-ABSOLUTE_IRI_MATCHER = re.compile(u'^%s:%s(?:\\?%s)?$' % (
-    abnf_regexp.COMPONENT_PATTERN_DICT['scheme'],
-    abnf_regexp.IHIER_PART_RE,
-    abnf_regexp.IQUERY_RE[1:-1]
-), re.UNICODE)
+ISUBAUTHORITY_MATCHER = re.compile(
+    (
+        u"^(?:(?P<userinfo>{0})@)?"  # iuserinfo
+        u"(?P<host>{1})"  # ihost
+        u":?(?P<port>{2})?$"  # port
+    ).format(abnf_regexp.IUSERINFO_RE, abnf_regexp.IHOST_RE, abnf_regexp.PORT_RE),
+    re.UNICODE,
+)
 
 
 # Path merger as defined in http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.2.3
 def merge_paths(base_uri, relative_path):
     """Merge a base URI's path with a relative URI's path."""
     if base_uri.path is None and base_uri.authority is not None:
-        return '/' + relative_path
+        return "/" + relative_path
     else:
-        path = base_uri.path or ''
-        index = path.rfind('/')
-        return path[:index] + '/' + relative_path
+        path = base_uri.path or ""
+        index = path.rfind("/")
+        return path[:index] + "/" + relative_path
 
 
 UseExisting = object()
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/normalizers.py b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/normalizers.py
index 2eb1bb3..0d702b6 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/normalizers.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/normalizers.py
@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ def normalize_scheme(scheme):
 def normalize_authority(authority):
     """Normalize an authority tuple to a string."""
     userinfo, host, port = authority
-    result = ''
+    result = ""
     if userinfo:
-        result += normalize_percent_characters(userinfo) + '@'
+        result += normalize_percent_characters(userinfo) + "@"
     if host:
         result += normalize_host(host)
     if port:
-        result += ':' + port
+        result += ":" + port
     return result
 
 
@@ -50,16 +50,19 @@ def normalize_password(password):
 def normalize_host(host):
     """Normalize a host string."""
     if misc.IPv6_MATCHER.match(host):
-        percent = host.find('%')
+        percent = host.find("%")
         if percent != -1:
-            percent_25 = host.find('%25')
+            percent_25 = host.find("%25")
 
             # Replace RFC 4007 IPv6 Zone ID delimiter '%' with '%25'
             # from RFC 6874. If the host is '[<IPv6 addr>%25]' then we
             # assume RFC 4007 and normalize to '[<IPV6 addr>%2525]'
-            if percent_25 == -1 or percent < percent_25 or \
-                    (percent == percent_25 and percent_25 == len(host) - 4):
-                host = host.replace('%', '%25', 1)
+            if (
+                percent_25 == -1
+                or percent < percent_25
+                or (percent == percent_25 and percent_25 == len(host) - 4)
+            ):
+                host = host.replace("%", "%25", 1)
 
             # Don't normalize the casing of the Zone ID
             return host[:percent].lower() + host[percent:]
@@ -90,7 +93,7 @@ def normalize_fragment(fragment):
     return normalize_percent_characters(fragment)
 
 
-PERCENT_MATCHER = re.compile('%[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}')
+PERCENT_MATCHER = re.compile("%[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}")
 
 
 def normalize_percent_characters(s):
@@ -111,15 +114,15 @@ def remove_dot_segments(s):
     See also Section 5.2.4 of :rfc:`3986`.
     """
     # See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.2.4 for pseudo-code
-    segments = s.split('/')  # Turn the path into a list of segments
+    segments = s.split("/")  # Turn the path into a list of segments
     output = []  # Initialize the variable to use to store output
 
     for segment in segments:
         # '.' is the current directory, so ignore it, it is superfluous
-        if segment == '.':
+        if segment == ".":
             continue
         # Anything other than '..', should be appended to the output
-        elif segment != '..':
+        elif segment != "..":
             output.append(segment)
         # In this case segment == '..', if we can, we should pop the last
         # element
@@ -128,15 +131,15 @@ def remove_dot_segments(s):
 
     # If the path starts with '/' and the output is empty or the first string
     # is non-empty
-    if s.startswith('/') and (not output or output[0]):
-        output.insert(0, '')
+    if s.startswith("/") and (not output or output[0]):
+        output.insert(0, "")
 
     # If the path starts with '/.' or '/..' ensure we add one more empty
     # string to add a trailing '/'
-    if s.endswith(('/.', '/..')):
-        output.append('')
+    if s.endswith(("/.", "/..")):
+        output.append("")
 
-    return '/'.join(output)
+    return "/".join(output)
 
 
 def encode_component(uri_component, encoding):
@@ -146,22 +149,24 @@ def encode_component(uri_component, encoding):
 
     # Try to see if the component we're encoding is already percent-encoded
     # so we can skip all '%' characters but still encode all others.
-    percent_encodings = len(PERCENT_MATCHER.findall(
-                            compat.to_str(uri_component, encoding)))
+    percent_encodings = len(
+        PERCENT_MATCHER.findall(compat.to_str(uri_component, encoding))
+    )
 
     uri_bytes = compat.to_bytes(uri_component, encoding)
-    is_percent_encoded = percent_encodings == uri_bytes.count(b'%')
+    is_percent_encoded = percent_encodings == uri_bytes.count(b"%")
 
     encoded_uri = bytearray()
 
     for i in range(0, len(uri_bytes)):
         # Will return a single character bytestring on both Python 2 & 3
-        byte = uri_bytes[i:i+1]
+        byte = uri_bytes[i : i + 1]
         byte_ord = ord(byte)
-        if ((is_percent_encoded and byte == b'%')
-                or (byte_ord < 128 and byte.decode() in misc.NON_PCT_ENCODED)):
+        if (is_percent_encoded and byte == b"%") or (
+            byte_ord < 128 and byte.decode() in misc.NON_PCT_ENCODED
+        ):
             encoded_uri.extend(byte)
             continue
-        encoded_uri.extend('%{0:02x}'.format(byte_ord).encode().upper())
+        encoded_uri.extend("%{0:02x}".format(byte_ord).encode().upper())
 
     return encoded_uri.decode(encoding)
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/parseresult.py b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/parseresult.py
index 0a73456..74d12c2 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/parseresult.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/parseresult.py
@@ -21,27 +21,25 @@ from . import misc
 from . import normalizers
 from . import uri
 
-__all__ = ('ParseResult', 'ParseResultBytes')
+__all__ = ("ParseResult", "ParseResultBytes")
 
-PARSED_COMPONENTS = ('scheme', 'userinfo', 'host', 'port', 'path', 'query',
-                     'fragment')
+PARSED_COMPONENTS = ("scheme", "userinfo", "host", "port", "path", "query", "fragment")
 
 
 class ParseResultMixin(object):
     def _generate_authority(self, attributes):
         # I swear I did not align the comparisons below. That's just how they
         # happened to align based on pep8 and attribute lengths.
-        userinfo, host, port = (attributes[p]
-                                for p in ('userinfo', 'host', 'port'))
-        if (self.userinfo != userinfo or
-                self.host != host or
-                self.port != port):
+        userinfo, host, port = (attributes[p] for p in ("userinfo", "host", "port"))
+        if self.userinfo != userinfo or self.host != host or self.port != port:
             if port:
-                port = '{0}'.format(port)
+                port = "{0}".format(port)
             return normalizers.normalize_authority(
-                (compat.to_str(userinfo, self.encoding),
-                 compat.to_str(host, self.encoding),
-                 port)
+                (
+                    compat.to_str(userinfo, self.encoding),
+                    compat.to_str(host, self.encoding),
+                    port,
+                )
             )
         return self.authority
 
@@ -65,8 +63,7 @@ class ParseResultMixin(object):
         return self.query
 
 
-class ParseResult(namedtuple('ParseResult', PARSED_COMPONENTS),
-                  ParseResultMixin):
+class ParseResult(namedtuple("ParseResult", PARSED_COMPONENTS), ParseResultMixin):
     """Implementation of urlparse compatibility class.
 
     This uses the URIReference logic to handle compatibility with the
@@ -75,8 +72,18 @@ class ParseResult(namedtuple('ParseResult', PARSED_COMPONENTS),
 
     slots = ()
 
-    def __new__(cls, scheme, userinfo, host, port, path, query, fragment,
-                uri_ref, encoding='utf-8'):
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        scheme,
+        userinfo,
+        host,
+        port,
+        path,
+        query,
+        fragment,
+        uri_ref,
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    ):
         """Create a new ParseResult."""
         parse_result = super(ParseResult, cls).__new__(
             cls,
@@ -86,42 +93,57 @@ class ParseResult(namedtuple('ParseResult', PARSED_COMPONENTS),
             port or None,
             path or None,
             query,
-            fragment)
+            fragment,
+        )
         parse_result.encoding = encoding
         parse_result.reference = uri_ref
         return parse_result
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_parts(cls, scheme=None, userinfo=None, host=None, port=None,
-                   path=None, query=None, fragment=None, encoding='utf-8'):
+    def from_parts(
+        cls,
+        scheme=None,
+        userinfo=None,
+        host=None,
+        port=None,
+        path=None,
+        query=None,
+        fragment=None,
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    ):
         """Create a ParseResult instance from its parts."""
-        authority = ''
+        authority = ""
         if userinfo is not None:
-            authority += userinfo + '@'
+            authority += userinfo + "@"
         if host is not None:
             authority += host
         if port is not None:
-            authority += ':{0}'.format(port)
-        uri_ref = uri.URIReference(scheme=scheme,
-                                   authority=authority,
-                                   path=path,
-                                   query=query,
-                                   fragment=fragment,
-                                   encoding=encoding).normalize()
+            authority += ":{0}".format(port)
+        uri_ref = uri.URIReference(
+            scheme=scheme,
+            authority=authority,
+            path=path,
+            query=query,
+            fragment=fragment,
+            encoding=encoding,
+        ).normalize()
         userinfo, host, port = authority_from(uri_ref, strict=True)
-        return cls(scheme=uri_ref.scheme,
-                   userinfo=userinfo,
-                   host=host,
-                   port=port,
-                   path=uri_ref.path,
-                   query=uri_ref.query,
-                   fragment=uri_ref.fragment,
-                   uri_ref=uri_ref,
-                   encoding=encoding)
+        return cls(
+            scheme=uri_ref.scheme,
+            userinfo=userinfo,
+            host=host,
+            port=port,
+            path=uri_ref.path,
+            query=uri_ref.query,
+            fragment=uri_ref.fragment,
+            uri_ref=uri_ref,
+            encoding=encoding,
+        )
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_string(cls, uri_string, encoding='utf-8', strict=True,
-                    lazy_normalize=True):
+    def from_string(
+        cls, uri_string, encoding="utf-8", strict=True, lazy_normalize=True
+    ):
         """Parse a URI from the given unicode URI string.
 
         :param str uri_string: Unicode URI to be parsed into a reference.
@@ -136,53 +158,65 @@ class ParseResult(namedtuple('ParseResult', PARSED_COMPONENTS),
             reference = reference.normalize()
         userinfo, host, port = authority_from(reference, strict)
 
-        return cls(scheme=reference.scheme,
-                   userinfo=userinfo,
-                   host=host,
-                   port=port,
-                   path=reference.path,
-                   query=reference.query,
-                   fragment=reference.fragment,
-                   uri_ref=reference,
-                   encoding=encoding)
+        return cls(
+            scheme=reference.scheme,
+            userinfo=userinfo,
+            host=host,
+            port=port,
+            path=reference.path,
+            query=reference.query,
+            fragment=reference.fragment,
+            uri_ref=reference,
+            encoding=encoding,
+        )
 
     @property
     def authority(self):
         """Return the normalized authority."""
         return self.reference.authority
 
-    def copy_with(self, scheme=misc.UseExisting, userinfo=misc.UseExisting,
-                  host=misc.UseExisting, port=misc.UseExisting,
-                  path=misc.UseExisting, query=misc.UseExisting,
-                  fragment=misc.UseExisting):
+    def copy_with(
+        self,
+        scheme=misc.UseExisting,
+        userinfo=misc.UseExisting,
+        host=misc.UseExisting,
+        port=misc.UseExisting,
+        path=misc.UseExisting,
+        query=misc.UseExisting,
+        fragment=misc.UseExisting,
+    ):
         """Create a copy of this instance replacing with specified parts."""
-        attributes = zip(PARSED_COMPONENTS,
-                         (scheme, userinfo, host, port, path, query, fragment))
+        attributes = zip(
+            PARSED_COMPONENTS, (scheme, userinfo, host, port, path, query, fragment)
+        )
         attrs_dict = {}
         for name, value in attributes:
             if value is misc.UseExisting:
                 value = getattr(self, name)
             attrs_dict[name] = value
         authority = self._generate_authority(attrs_dict)
-        ref = self.reference.copy_with(scheme=attrs_dict['scheme'],
-                                       authority=authority,
-                                       path=attrs_dict['path'],
-                                       query=attrs_dict['query'],
-                                       fragment=attrs_dict['fragment'])
+        ref = self.reference.copy_with(
+            scheme=attrs_dict["scheme"],
+            authority=authority,
+            path=attrs_dict["path"],
+            query=attrs_dict["query"],
+            fragment=attrs_dict["fragment"],
+        )
         return ParseResult(uri_ref=ref, encoding=self.encoding, **attrs_dict)
 
     def encode(self, encoding=None):
         """Convert to an instance of ParseResultBytes."""
         encoding = encoding or self.encoding
         attrs = dict(
-            zip(PARSED_COMPONENTS,
-                (attr.encode(encoding) if hasattr(attr, 'encode') else attr
-                 for attr in self)))
-        return ParseResultBytes(
-            uri_ref=self.reference,
-            encoding=encoding,
-            **attrs
+            zip(
+                PARSED_COMPONENTS,
+                (
+                    attr.encode(encoding) if hasattr(attr, "encode") else attr
+                    for attr in self
+                ),
+            )
         )
+        return ParseResultBytes(uri_ref=self.reference, encoding=encoding, **attrs)
 
     def unsplit(self, use_idna=False):
         """Create a URI string from the components.
@@ -192,18 +226,30 @@ class ParseResult(namedtuple('ParseResult', PARSED_COMPONENTS),
         """
         parse_result = self
         if use_idna and self.host:
-            hostbytes = self.host.encode('idna')
+            hostbytes = self.host.encode("idna")
             host = hostbytes.decode(self.encoding)
             parse_result = self.copy_with(host=host)
         return parse_result.reference.unsplit()
 
 
-class ParseResultBytes(namedtuple('ParseResultBytes', PARSED_COMPONENTS),
-                       ParseResultMixin):
+class ParseResultBytes(
+    namedtuple("ParseResultBytes", PARSED_COMPONENTS), ParseResultMixin
+):
     """Compatibility shim for the urlparse.ParseResultBytes object."""
 
-    def __new__(cls, scheme, userinfo, host, port, path, query, fragment,
-                uri_ref, encoding='utf-8', lazy_normalize=True):
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        scheme,
+        userinfo,
+        host,
+        port,
+        path,
+        query,
+        fragment,
+        uri_ref,
+        encoding="utf-8",
+        lazy_normalize=True,
+    ):
         """Create a new ParseResultBytes instance."""
         parse_result = super(ParseResultBytes, cls).__new__(
             cls,
@@ -213,48 +259,63 @@ class ParseResultBytes(namedtuple('ParseResultBytes', PARSED_COMPONENTS),
             port or None,
             path or None,
             query or None,
-            fragment or None)
+            fragment or None,
+        )
         parse_result.encoding = encoding
         parse_result.reference = uri_ref
         parse_result.lazy_normalize = lazy_normalize
         return parse_result
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_parts(cls, scheme=None, userinfo=None, host=None, port=None,
-                   path=None, query=None, fragment=None, encoding='utf-8',
-                   lazy_normalize=True):
+    def from_parts(
+        cls,
+        scheme=None,
+        userinfo=None,
+        host=None,
+        port=None,
+        path=None,
+        query=None,
+        fragment=None,
+        encoding="utf-8",
+        lazy_normalize=True,
+    ):
         """Create a ParseResult instance from its parts."""
-        authority = ''
+        authority = ""
         if userinfo is not None:
-            authority += userinfo + '@'
+            authority += userinfo + "@"
         if host is not None:
             authority += host
         if port is not None:
-            authority += ':{0}'.format(int(port))
-        uri_ref = uri.URIReference(scheme=scheme,
-                                   authority=authority,
-                                   path=path,
-                                   query=query,
-                                   fragment=fragment,
-                                   encoding=encoding)
+            authority += ":{0}".format(int(port))
+        uri_ref = uri.URIReference(
+            scheme=scheme,
+            authority=authority,
+            path=path,
+            query=query,
+            fragment=fragment,
+            encoding=encoding,
+        )
         if not lazy_normalize:
             uri_ref = uri_ref.normalize()
         to_bytes = compat.to_bytes
         userinfo, host, port = authority_from(uri_ref, strict=True)
-        return cls(scheme=to_bytes(scheme, encoding),
-                   userinfo=to_bytes(userinfo, encoding),
-                   host=to_bytes(host, encoding),
-                   port=port,
-                   path=to_bytes(path, encoding),
-                   query=to_bytes(query, encoding),
-                   fragment=to_bytes(fragment, encoding),
-                   uri_ref=uri_ref,
-                   encoding=encoding,
-                   lazy_normalize=lazy_normalize)
+        return cls(
+            scheme=to_bytes(scheme, encoding),
+            userinfo=to_bytes(userinfo, encoding),
+            host=to_bytes(host, encoding),
+            port=port,
+            path=to_bytes(path, encoding),
+            query=to_bytes(query, encoding),
+            fragment=to_bytes(fragment, encoding),
+            uri_ref=uri_ref,
+            encoding=encoding,
+            lazy_normalize=lazy_normalize,
+        )
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_string(cls, uri_string, encoding='utf-8', strict=True,
-                    lazy_normalize=True):
+    def from_string(
+        cls, uri_string, encoding="utf-8", strict=True, lazy_normalize=True
+    ):
         """Parse a URI from the given unicode URI string.
 
         :param str uri_string: Unicode URI to be parsed into a reference.
@@ -270,44 +331,54 @@ class ParseResultBytes(namedtuple('ParseResultBytes', PARSED_COMPONENTS),
         userinfo, host, port = authority_from(reference, strict)
 
         to_bytes = compat.to_bytes
-        return cls(scheme=to_bytes(reference.scheme, encoding),
-                   userinfo=to_bytes(userinfo, encoding),
-                   host=to_bytes(host, encoding),
-                   port=port,
-                   path=to_bytes(reference.path, encoding),
-                   query=to_bytes(reference.query, encoding),
-                   fragment=to_bytes(reference.fragment, encoding),
-                   uri_ref=reference,
-                   encoding=encoding,
-                   lazy_normalize=lazy_normalize)
+        return cls(
+            scheme=to_bytes(reference.scheme, encoding),
+            userinfo=to_bytes(userinfo, encoding),
+            host=to_bytes(host, encoding),
+            port=port,
+            path=to_bytes(reference.path, encoding),
+            query=to_bytes(reference.query, encoding),
+            fragment=to_bytes(reference.fragment, encoding),
+            uri_ref=reference,
+            encoding=encoding,
+            lazy_normalize=lazy_normalize,
+        )
 
     @property
     def authority(self):
         """Return the normalized authority."""
         return self.reference.authority.encode(self.encoding)
 
-    def copy_with(self, scheme=misc.UseExisting, userinfo=misc.UseExisting,
-                  host=misc.UseExisting, port=misc.UseExisting,
-                  path=misc.UseExisting, query=misc.UseExisting,
-                  fragment=misc.UseExisting, lazy_normalize=True):
+    def copy_with(
+        self,
+        scheme=misc.UseExisting,
+        userinfo=misc.UseExisting,
+        host=misc.UseExisting,
+        port=misc.UseExisting,
+        path=misc.UseExisting,
+        query=misc.UseExisting,
+        fragment=misc.UseExisting,
+        lazy_normalize=True,
+    ):
         """Create a copy of this instance replacing with specified parts."""
-        attributes = zip(PARSED_COMPONENTS,
-                         (scheme, userinfo, host, port, path, query, fragment))
+        attributes = zip(
+            PARSED_COMPONENTS, (scheme, userinfo, host, port, path, query, fragment)
+        )
         attrs_dict = {}
         for name, value in attributes:
             if value is misc.UseExisting:
                 value = getattr(self, name)
-            if not isinstance(value, bytes) and hasattr(value, 'encode'):
+            if not isinstance(value, bytes) and hasattr(value, "encode"):
                 value = value.encode(self.encoding)
             attrs_dict[name] = value
         authority = self._generate_authority(attrs_dict)
         to_str = compat.to_str
         ref = self.reference.copy_with(
-            scheme=to_str(attrs_dict['scheme'], self.encoding),
+            scheme=to_str(attrs_dict["scheme"], self.encoding),
             authority=to_str(authority, self.encoding),
-            path=to_str(attrs_dict['path'], self.encoding),
-            query=to_str(attrs_dict['query'], self.encoding),
-            fragment=to_str(attrs_dict['fragment'], self.encoding)
+            path=to_str(attrs_dict["path"], self.encoding),
+            query=to_str(attrs_dict["query"], self.encoding),
+            fragment=to_str(attrs_dict["fragment"], self.encoding),
         )
         if not lazy_normalize:
             ref = ref.normalize()
@@ -329,7 +400,7 @@ class ParseResultBytes(namedtuple('ParseResultBytes', PARSED_COMPONENTS),
             # self.host is bytes, to encode to idna, we need to decode it
             # first
             host = self.host.decode(self.encoding)
-            hostbytes = host.encode('idna')
+            hostbytes = host.encode("idna")
             parse_result = self.copy_with(host=hostbytes)
         if self.lazy_normalize:
             parse_result = parse_result.copy_with(lazy_normalize=False)
@@ -345,16 +416,16 @@ def split_authority(authority):
     # Set-up rest in case there is no userinfo portion
     rest = authority
 
-    if '@' in authority:
-        userinfo, rest = authority.rsplit('@', 1)
+    if "@" in authority:
+        userinfo, rest = authority.rsplit("@", 1)
 
     # Handle IPv6 host addresses
-    if rest.startswith('['):
-        host, rest = rest.split(']', 1)
-        host += ']'
+    if rest.startswith("["):
+        host, rest = rest.split("]", 1)
+        host += "]"
 
-    if ':' in rest:
-        extra_host, port = rest.split(':', 1)
+    if ":" in rest:
+        extra_host, port = rest.split(":", 1)
     elif not host and rest:
         host = rest
 
@@ -374,8 +445,9 @@ def authority_from(reference, strict):
     else:
         # Thanks to Richard Barrell for this idea:
         # https://twitter.com/0x2ba22e11/status/617338811975139328
-        userinfo, host, port = (subauthority.get(p)
-                                for p in ('userinfo', 'host', 'port'))
+        userinfo, host, port = (
+            subauthority.get(p) for p in ("userinfo", "host", "port")
+        )
 
     if port:
         try:
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/uri.py b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/uri.py
index d1d7150..61104ab 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/uri.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/uri.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from . import normalizers
 from ._mixin import URIMixin
 
 
-class URIReference(namedtuple('URIReference', misc.URI_COMPONENTS), URIMixin):
+class URIReference(namedtuple("URIReference", misc.URI_COMPONENTS), URIMixin):
     """Immutable object representing a parsed URI Reference.
 
     .. note::
@@ -82,16 +82,11 @@ class URIReference(namedtuple('URIReference', misc.URI_COMPONENTS), URIMixin):
 
     slots = ()
 
-    def __new__(cls, scheme, authority, path, query, fragment,
-                encoding='utf-8'):
+    def __new__(cls, scheme, authority, path, query, fragment, encoding="utf-8"):
         """Create a new URIReference."""
         ref = super(URIReference, cls).__new__(
-            cls,
-            scheme or None,
-            authority or None,
-            path or None,
-            query,
-            fragment)
+            cls, scheme or None, authority or None, path or None, query, fragment
+        )
         ref.encoding = encoding
         return ref
 
@@ -107,8 +102,10 @@ class URIReference(namedtuple('URIReference', misc.URI_COMPONENTS), URIMixin):
                 other_ref = URIReference.from_string(other)
             except TypeError:
                 raise TypeError(
-                    'Unable to compare URIReference() to {0}()'.format(
-                        type(other).__name__))
+                    "Unable to compare URIReference() to {0}()".format(
+                        type(other).__name__
+                    )
+                )
 
         # See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-6.2
         naive_equality = tuple(self) == tuple(other_ref)
@@ -125,16 +122,17 @@ class URIReference(namedtuple('URIReference', misc.URI_COMPONENTS), URIMixin):
         """
         # See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-6.2.2 for logic in
         # this method.
-        return URIReference(normalizers.normalize_scheme(self.scheme or ''),
-                            normalizers.normalize_authority(
-                                (self.userinfo, self.host, self.port)),
-                            normalizers.normalize_path(self.path or ''),
-                            normalizers.normalize_query(self.query),
-                            normalizers.normalize_fragment(self.fragment),
-                            self.encoding)
+        return URIReference(
+            normalizers.normalize_scheme(self.scheme or ""),
+            normalizers.normalize_authority((self.userinfo, self.host, self.port)),
+            normalizers.normalize_path(self.path or ""),
+            normalizers.normalize_query(self.query),
+            normalizers.normalize_fragment(self.fragment),
+            self.encoding,
+        )
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_string(cls, uri_string, encoding='utf-8'):
+    def from_string(cls, uri_string, encoding="utf-8"):
         """Parse a URI reference from the given unicode URI string.
 
         :param str uri_string: Unicode URI to be parsed into a reference.
@@ -145,9 +143,10 @@ class URIReference(namedtuple('URIReference', misc.URI_COMPONENTS), URIMixin):
 
         split_uri = misc.URI_MATCHER.match(uri_string).groupdict()
         return cls(
-            split_uri['scheme'], split_uri['authority'],
-            normalizers.encode_component(split_uri['path'], encoding),
-            normalizers.encode_component(split_uri['query'], encoding),
-            normalizers.encode_component(split_uri['fragment'], encoding),
+            split_uri["scheme"],
+            split_uri["authority"],
+            normalizers.encode_component(split_uri["path"], encoding),
+            normalizers.encode_component(split_uri["query"], encoding),
+            normalizers.encode_component(split_uri["fragment"], encoding),
             encoding,
         )
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/validators.py b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/validators.py
index 7fc9721..a60ae91 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/validators.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/packages/rfc3986/validators.py
@@ -45,15 +45,9 @@ class Validator(object):
 
     """
 
-    COMPONENT_NAMES = frozenset([
-        'scheme',
-        'userinfo',
-        'host',
-        'port',
-        'path',
-        'query',
-        'fragment',
-    ])
+    COMPONENT_NAMES = frozenset(
+        ["scheme", "userinfo", "host", "port", "path", "query", "fragment"]
+    )
 
     def __init__(self):
         """Initialize our default validations."""
@@ -62,13 +56,13 @@ class Validator(object):
         self.allowed_ports = set()
         self.allow_password = True
         self.required_components = {
-            'scheme': False,
-            'userinfo': False,
-            'host': False,
-            'port': False,
-            'path': False,
-            'query': False,
-            'fragment': False,
+            "scheme": False,
+            "userinfo": False,
+            "host": False,
+            "port": False,
+            "path": False,
+            "query": False,
+            "fragment": False,
         }
         self.validated_components = self.required_components.copy()
 
@@ -165,12 +159,8 @@ class Validator(object):
         components = [c.lower() for c in components]
         for component in components:
             if component not in self.COMPONENT_NAMES:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    '"{}" is not a valid component'.format(component)
-                )
-        self.validated_components.update({
-            component: True for component in components
-        })
+                raise ValueError('"{}" is not a valid component'.format(component))
+        self.validated_components.update({component: True for component in components})
         return self
 
     def require_presence_of(self, *components):
@@ -190,12 +180,8 @@ class Validator(object):
         components = [c.lower() for c in components]
         for component in components:
             if component not in self.COMPONENT_NAMES:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    '"{}" is not a valid component'.format(component)
-                )
-        self.required_components.update({
-            component: True for component in components
-        })
+                raise ValueError('"{}" is not a valid component'.format(component))
+        self.required_components.update({component: True for component in components})
         return self
 
     def validate(self, uri):
@@ -235,9 +221,9 @@ class Validator(object):
         if validated_components:
             ensure_components_are_valid(uri, validated_components)
 
-        ensure_one_of(self.allowed_schemes, uri, 'scheme')
-        ensure_one_of(self.allowed_hosts, uri, 'host')
-        ensure_one_of(self.allowed_ports, uri, 'port')
+        ensure_one_of(self.allowed_schemes, uri, "scheme")
+        ensure_one_of(self.allowed_hosts, uri, "host")
+        ensure_one_of(self.allowed_ports, uri, "port")
 
 
 def check_password(uri):
@@ -245,7 +231,7 @@ def check_password(uri):
     userinfo = uri.userinfo
     if not userinfo:
         return
-    credentials = userinfo.split(':', 1)
+    credentials = userinfo.split(":", 1)
     if len(credentials) <= 1:
         return
     raise exceptions.PasswordForbidden(uri)
@@ -255,18 +241,18 @@ def ensure_one_of(allowed_values, uri, attribute):
     """Assert that the uri's attribute is one of the allowed values."""
     value = getattr(uri, attribute)
     if value is not None and allowed_values and value not in allowed_values:
-        raise exceptions.UnpermittedComponentError(
-            attribute, value, allowed_values,
-        )
+        raise exceptions.UnpermittedComponentError(attribute, value, allowed_values)
 
 
 def ensure_required_components_exist(uri, required_components):
     """Assert that all required components are present in the URI."""
-    missing_components = sorted([
-        component
-        for component in required_components
-        if getattr(uri, component) is None
-    ])
+    missing_components = sorted(
+        [
+            component
+            for component in required_components
+            if getattr(uri, component) is None
+        ]
+    )
     if missing_components:
         raise exceptions.MissingComponentError(uri, *missing_components)
 
@@ -282,8 +268,7 @@ def is_valid(value, matcher, require):
         Whether or not the value is required.
     """
     if require:
-        return (value is not None
-                and matcher.match(value))
+        return value is not None and matcher.match(value)
 
     # require is False and value is not None
     return value is None or matcher.match(value)
@@ -393,17 +378,17 @@ def valid_ipv4_host_address(host):
     """Determine if the given host is a valid IPv4 address."""
     # If the host exists, and it might be IPv4, check each byte in the
     # address.
-    return all([0 <= int(byte, base=10) <= 255 for byte in host.split('.')])
+    return all([0 <= int(byte, base=10) <= 255 for byte in host.split(".")])
 
 
 _COMPONENT_VALIDATORS = {
-    'scheme': scheme_is_valid,
-    'path': path_is_valid,
-    'query': query_is_valid,
-    'fragment': fragment_is_valid,
+    "scheme": scheme_is_valid,
+    "path": path_is_valid,
+    "query": query_is_valid,
+    "fragment": fragment_is_valid,
 }
 
-_SUBAUTHORITY_VALIDATORS = set(['userinfo', 'host', 'port'])
+_SUBAUTHORITY_VALIDATORS = set(["userinfo", "host", "port"])
 
 
 def subauthority_component_is_valid(uri, component):
@@ -415,19 +400,19 @@ def subauthority_component_is_valid(uri, component):
 
     # If we can parse the authority into sub-components and we're not
     # validating the port, we can assume it's valid.
-    if component == 'host':
-        return host_is_valid(subauthority_dict['host'])
-    elif component != 'port':
+    if component == "host":
+        return host_is_valid(subauthority_dict["host"])
+    elif component != "port":
         return True
 
     try:
-        port = int(subauthority_dict['port'])
+        port = int(subauthority_dict["port"])
     except TypeError:
         # If the port wasn't provided it'll be None and int(None) raises a
         # TypeError
         return True
 
-    return (0 <= port <= 65535)
+    return 0 <= port <= 65535
 
 
 def ensure_components_are_valid(uri, validated_components):
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/packages/six.py b/lib/urllib3/packages/six.py
index 190c023..26bbb43 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/packages/six.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/packages/six.py
@@ -38,15 +38,15 @@ PY3 = sys.version_info[0] == 3
 PY34 = sys.version_info[0:2] >= (3, 4)
 
 if PY3:
-    string_types = str,
-    integer_types = int,
-    class_types = type,
+    string_types = (str,)
+    integer_types = (int,)
+    class_types = (type,)
     text_type = str
     binary_type = bytes
 
     MAXSIZE = sys.maxsize
 else:
-    string_types = basestring,
+    string_types = (basestring,)
     integer_types = (int, long)
     class_types = (type, types.ClassType)
     text_type = unicode
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ else:
     else:
         # It's possible to have sizeof(long) != sizeof(Py_ssize_t).
         class X(object):
-
             def __len__(self):
                 return 1 << 31
+
         try:
             len(X())
         except OverflowError:
@@ -84,7 +84,6 @@ def _import_module(name):
 
 
 class _LazyDescr(object):
-
     def __init__(self, name):
         self.name = name
 
@@ -101,7 +100,6 @@ class _LazyDescr(object):
 
 
 class MovedModule(_LazyDescr):
-
     def __init__(self, name, old, new=None):
         super(MovedModule, self).__init__(name)
         if PY3:
@@ -122,7 +120,6 @@ class MovedModule(_LazyDescr):
 
 
 class _LazyModule(types.ModuleType):
-
     def __init__(self, name):
         super(_LazyModule, self).__init__(name)
         self.__doc__ = self.__class__.__doc__
@@ -137,7 +134,6 @@ class _LazyModule(types.ModuleType):
 
 
 class MovedAttribute(_LazyDescr):
-
     def __init__(self, name, old_mod, new_mod, old_attr=None, new_attr=None):
         super(MovedAttribute, self).__init__(name)
         if PY3:
@@ -221,28 +217,35 @@ class _SixMetaPathImporter(object):
         Required, if is_package is implemented"""
         self.__get_module(fullname)  # eventually raises ImportError
         return None
+
     get_source = get_code  # same as get_code
 
+
 _importer = _SixMetaPathImporter(__name__)
 
 
 class _MovedItems(_LazyModule):
 
     """Lazy loading of moved objects"""
+
     __path__ = []  # mark as package
 
 
 _moved_attributes = [
     MovedAttribute("cStringIO", "cStringIO", "io", "StringIO"),
     MovedAttribute("filter", "itertools", "builtins", "ifilter", "filter"),
-    MovedAttribute("filterfalse", "itertools", "itertools", "ifilterfalse", "filterfalse"),
+    MovedAttribute(
+        "filterfalse", "itertools", "itertools", "ifilterfalse", "filterfalse"
+    ),
     MovedAttribute("input", "__builtin__", "builtins", "raw_input", "input"),
     MovedAttribute("intern", "__builtin__", "sys"),
     MovedAttribute("map", "itertools", "builtins", "imap", "map"),
     MovedAttribute("getcwd", "os", "os", "getcwdu", "getcwd"),
     MovedAttribute("getcwdb", "os", "os", "getcwd", "getcwdb"),
     MovedAttribute("range", "__builtin__", "builtins", "xrange", "range"),
-    MovedAttribute("reload_module", "__builtin__", "importlib" if PY34 else "imp", "reload"),
+    MovedAttribute(
+        "reload_module", "__builtin__", "importlib" if PY34 else "imp", "reload"
+    ),
     MovedAttribute("reduce", "__builtin__", "functools"),
     MovedAttribute("shlex_quote", "pipes", "shlex", "quote"),
     MovedAttribute("StringIO", "StringIO", "io"),
@@ -251,7 +254,9 @@ _moved_attributes = [
     MovedAttribute("UserString", "UserString", "collections"),
     MovedAttribute("xrange", "__builtin__", "builtins", "xrange", "range"),
     MovedAttribute("zip", "itertools", "builtins", "izip", "zip"),
-    MovedAttribute("zip_longest", "itertools", "itertools", "izip_longest", "zip_longest"),
+    MovedAttribute(
+        "zip_longest", "itertools", "itertools", "izip_longest", "zip_longest"
+    ),
     MovedModule("builtins", "__builtin__"),
     MovedModule("configparser", "ConfigParser"),
     MovedModule("copyreg", "copy_reg"),
@@ -263,7 +268,9 @@ _moved_attributes = [
     MovedModule("html_parser", "HTMLParser", "html.parser"),
     MovedModule("http_client", "httplib", "http.client"),
     MovedModule("email_mime_multipart", "email.MIMEMultipart", "email.mime.multipart"),
-    MovedModule("email_mime_nonmultipart", "email.MIMENonMultipart", "email.mime.nonmultipart"),
+    MovedModule(
+        "email_mime_nonmultipart", "email.MIMENonMultipart", "email.mime.nonmultipart"
+    ),
     MovedModule("email_mime_text", "email.MIMEText", "email.mime.text"),
     MovedModule("email_mime_base", "email.MIMEBase", "email.mime.base"),
     MovedModule("BaseHTTPServer", "BaseHTTPServer", "http.server"),
@@ -283,15 +290,12 @@ _moved_attributes = [
     MovedModule("tkinter_ttk", "ttk", "tkinter.ttk"),
     MovedModule("tkinter_constants", "Tkconstants", "tkinter.constants"),
     MovedModule("tkinter_dnd", "Tkdnd", "tkinter.dnd"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_colorchooser", "tkColorChooser",
-                "tkinter.colorchooser"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_commondialog", "tkCommonDialog",
-                "tkinter.commondialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_colorchooser", "tkColorChooser", "tkinter.colorchooser"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_commondialog", "tkCommonDialog", "tkinter.commondialog"),
     MovedModule("tkinter_tkfiledialog", "tkFileDialog", "tkinter.filedialog"),
     MovedModule("tkinter_font", "tkFont", "tkinter.font"),
     MovedModule("tkinter_messagebox", "tkMessageBox", "tkinter.messagebox"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_tksimpledialog", "tkSimpleDialog",
-                "tkinter.simpledialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_tksimpledialog", "tkSimpleDialog", "tkinter.simpledialog"),
     MovedModule("urllib_parse", __name__ + ".moves.urllib_parse", "urllib.parse"),
     MovedModule("urllib_error", __name__ + ".moves.urllib_error", "urllib.error"),
     MovedModule("urllib", __name__ + ".moves.urllib", __name__ + ".moves.urllib"),
@@ -301,9 +305,7 @@ _moved_attributes = [
 ]
 # Add windows specific modules.
 if sys.platform == "win32":
-    _moved_attributes += [
-        MovedModule("winreg", "_winreg"),
-    ]
+    _moved_attributes += [MovedModule("winreg", "_winreg")]
 
 for attr in _moved_attributes:
     setattr(_MovedItems, attr.name, attr)
@@ -353,8 +355,11 @@ del attr
 
 Module_six_moves_urllib_parse._moved_attributes = _urllib_parse_moved_attributes
 
-_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_parse(__name__ + ".moves.urllib_parse"),
-                      "moves.urllib_parse", "moves.urllib.parse")
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib_parse(__name__ + ".moves.urllib_parse"),
+    "moves.urllib_parse",
+    "moves.urllib.parse",
+)
 
 
 class Module_six_moves_urllib_error(_LazyModule):
@@ -373,8 +378,11 @@ del attr
 
 Module_six_moves_urllib_error._moved_attributes = _urllib_error_moved_attributes
 
-_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_error(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.error"),
-                      "moves.urllib_error", "moves.urllib.error")
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib_error(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.error"),
+    "moves.urllib_error",
+    "moves.urllib.error",
+)
 
 
 class Module_six_moves_urllib_request(_LazyModule):
@@ -423,8 +431,11 @@ del attr
 
 Module_six_moves_urllib_request._moved_attributes = _urllib_request_moved_attributes
 
-_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_request(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.request"),
-                      "moves.urllib_request", "moves.urllib.request")
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib_request(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.request"),
+    "moves.urllib_request",
+    "moves.urllib.request",
+)
 
 
 class Module_six_moves_urllib_response(_LazyModule):
@@ -444,8 +455,11 @@ del attr
 
 Module_six_moves_urllib_response._moved_attributes = _urllib_response_moved_attributes
 
-_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_response(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.response"),
-                      "moves.urllib_response", "moves.urllib.response")
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib_response(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.response"),
+    "moves.urllib_response",
+    "moves.urllib.response",
+)
 
 
 class Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser(_LazyModule):
@@ -454,21 +468,27 @@ class Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser(_LazyModule):
 
 
 _urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes = [
-    MovedAttribute("RobotFileParser", "robotparser", "urllib.robotparser"),
+    MovedAttribute("RobotFileParser", "robotparser", "urllib.robotparser")
 ]
 for attr in _urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes:
     setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser, attr.name, attr)
 del attr
 
-Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser._moved_attributes = _urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes
+Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser._moved_attributes = (
+    _urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes
+)
 
-_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.robotparser"),
-                      "moves.urllib_robotparser", "moves.urllib.robotparser")
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.robotparser"),
+    "moves.urllib_robotparser",
+    "moves.urllib.robotparser",
+)
 
 
 class Module_six_moves_urllib(types.ModuleType):
 
     """Create a six.moves.urllib namespace that resembles the Python 3 namespace"""
+
     __path__ = []  # mark as package
     parse = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_parse")
     error = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_error")
@@ -477,10 +497,12 @@ class Module_six_moves_urllib(types.ModuleType):
     robotparser = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_robotparser")
 
     def __dir__(self):
-        return ['parse', 'error', 'request', 'response', 'robotparser']
+        return ["parse", "error", "request", "response", "robotparser"]
+
 
-_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib(__name__ + ".moves.urllib"),
-                      "moves.urllib")
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib(__name__ + ".moves.urllib"), "moves.urllib"
+)
 
 
 def add_move(move):
@@ -520,19 +542,24 @@ else:
 try:
     advance_iterator = next
 except NameError:
+
     def advance_iterator(it):
         return it.next()
+
+
 next = advance_iterator
 
 
 try:
     callable = callable
 except NameError:
+
     def callable(obj):
         return any("__call__" in klass.__dict__ for klass in type(obj).__mro__)
 
 
 if PY3:
+
     def get_unbound_function(unbound):
         return unbound
 
@@ -543,6 +570,7 @@ if PY3:
 
     Iterator = object
 else:
+
     def get_unbound_function(unbound):
         return unbound.im_func
 
@@ -553,13 +581,13 @@ else:
         return types.MethodType(func, None, cls)
 
     class Iterator(object):
-
         def next(self):
             return type(self).__next__(self)
 
     callable = callable
-_add_doc(get_unbound_function,
-         """Get the function out of a possibly unbound function""")
+_add_doc(
+    get_unbound_function, """Get the function out of a possibly unbound function"""
+)
 
 
 get_method_function = operator.attrgetter(_meth_func)
@@ -571,6 +599,7 @@ get_function_globals = operator.attrgetter(_func_globals)
 
 
 if PY3:
+
     def iterkeys(d, **kw):
         return iter(d.keys(**kw))
 
@@ -589,6 +618,7 @@ if PY3:
 
     viewitems = operator.methodcaller("items")
 else:
+
     def iterkeys(d, **kw):
         return d.iterkeys(**kw)
 
@@ -609,26 +639,30 @@ else:
 
 _add_doc(iterkeys, "Return an iterator over the keys of a dictionary.")
 _add_doc(itervalues, "Return an iterator over the values of a dictionary.")
-_add_doc(iteritems,
-         "Return an iterator over the (key, value) pairs of a dictionary.")
-_add_doc(iterlists,
-         "Return an iterator over the (key, [values]) pairs of a dictionary.")
+_add_doc(iteritems, "Return an iterator over the (key, value) pairs of a dictionary.")
+_add_doc(
+    iterlists, "Return an iterator over the (key, [values]) pairs of a dictionary."
+)
 
 
 if PY3:
+
     def b(s):
         return s.encode("latin-1")
 
     def u(s):
         return s
+
     unichr = chr
     import struct
+
     int2byte = struct.Struct(">B").pack
     del struct
     byte2int = operator.itemgetter(0)
     indexbytes = operator.getitem
     iterbytes = iter
     import io
+
     StringIO = io.StringIO
     BytesIO = io.BytesIO
     _assertCountEqual = "assertCountEqual"
@@ -639,12 +673,15 @@ if PY3:
         _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegex"
         _assertRegex = "assertRegex"
 else:
+
     def b(s):
         return s
+
     # Workaround for standalone backslash
 
     def u(s):
-        return unicode(s.replace(r'\\', r'\\\\'), "unicode_escape")
+        return unicode(s.replace(r"\\", r"\\\\"), "unicode_escape")
+
     unichr = unichr
     int2byte = chr
 
@@ -653,8 +690,10 @@ else:
 
     def indexbytes(buf, i):
         return ord(buf[i])
+
     iterbytes = functools.partial(itertools.imap, ord)
     import StringIO
+
     StringIO = BytesIO = StringIO.StringIO
     _assertCountEqual = "assertItemsEqual"
     _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegexp"
@@ -685,7 +724,9 @@ if PY3:
             raise value.with_traceback(tb)
         raise value
 
+
 else:
+
     def exec_(_code_, _globs_=None, _locs_=None):
         """Execute code in a namespace."""
         if _globs_ is None:
@@ -698,28 +739,36 @@ else:
             _locs_ = _globs_
         exec("""exec _code_ in _globs_, _locs_""")
 
-    exec_("""def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
+    exec_(
+        """def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
     raise tp, value, tb
-""")
+"""
+    )
 
 
 if sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 2):
-    exec_("""def raise_from(value, from_value):
+    exec_(
+        """def raise_from(value, from_value):
     if from_value is None:
         raise value
     raise value from from_value
-""")
+"""
+    )
 elif sys.version_info[:2] > (3, 2):
-    exec_("""def raise_from(value, from_value):
+    exec_(
+        """def raise_from(value, from_value):
     raise value from from_value
-""")
+"""
+    )
 else:
+
     def raise_from(value, from_value):
         raise value
 
 
 print_ = getattr(moves.builtins, "print", None)
 if print_ is None:
+
     def print_(*args, **kwargs):
         """The new-style print function for Python 2.4 and 2.5."""
         fp = kwargs.pop("file", sys.stdout)
@@ -730,14 +779,17 @@ if print_ is None:
             if not isinstance(data, basestring):
                 data = str(data)
             # If the file has an encoding, encode unicode with it.
-            if (isinstance(fp, file) and
-                    isinstance(data, unicode) and
-                    fp.encoding is not None):
+            if (
+                isinstance(fp, file)
+                and isinstance(data, unicode)
+                and fp.encoding is not None
+            ):
                 errors = getattr(fp, "errors", None)
                 if errors is None:
                     errors = "strict"
                 data = data.encode(fp.encoding, errors)
             fp.write(data)
+
         want_unicode = False
         sep = kwargs.pop("sep", None)
         if sep is not None:
@@ -773,6 +825,8 @@ if print_ is None:
                 write(sep)
             write(arg)
         write(end)
+
+
 if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 3):
     _print = print_
 
@@ -783,16 +837,24 @@ if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 3):
         if flush and fp is not None:
             fp.flush()
 
+
 _add_doc(reraise, """Reraise an exception.""")
 
 if sys.version_info[0:2] < (3, 4):
-    def wraps(wrapped, assigned=functools.WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS,
-              updated=functools.WRAPPER_UPDATES):
+
+    def wraps(
+        wrapped,
+        assigned=functools.WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS,
+        updated=functools.WRAPPER_UPDATES,
+    ):
         def wrapper(f):
             f = functools.wraps(wrapped, assigned, updated)(f)
             f.__wrapped__ = wrapped
             return f
+
         return wrapper
+
+
 else:
     wraps = functools.wraps
 
@@ -803,25 +865,27 @@ def with_metaclass(meta, *bases):
     # metaclass for one level of class instantiation that replaces itself with
     # the actual metaclass.
     class metaclass(meta):
-
         def __new__(cls, name, this_bases, d):
             return meta(name, bases, d)
-    return type.__new__(metaclass, 'temporary_class', (), {})
+
+    return type.__new__(metaclass, "temporary_class", (), {})
 
 
 def add_metaclass(metaclass):
     """Class decorator for creating a class with a metaclass."""
+
     def wrapper(cls):
         orig_vars = cls.__dict__.copy()
-        slots = orig_vars.get('__slots__')
+        slots = orig_vars.get("__slots__")
         if slots is not None:
             if isinstance(slots, str):
                 slots = [slots]
             for slots_var in slots:
                 orig_vars.pop(slots_var)
-        orig_vars.pop('__dict__', None)
-        orig_vars.pop('__weakref__', None)
+        orig_vars.pop("__dict__", None)
+        orig_vars.pop("__weakref__", None)
         return metaclass(cls.__name__, cls.__bases__, orig_vars)
+
     return wrapper
 
 
@@ -834,12 +898,13 @@ def python_2_unicode_compatible(klass):
     returning text and apply this decorator to the class.
     """
     if PY2:
-        if '__str__' not in klass.__dict__:
-            raise ValueError("@python_2_unicode_compatible cannot be applied "
-                             "to %s because it doesn't define __str__()." %
-                             klass.__name__)
+        if "__str__" not in klass.__dict__:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "@python_2_unicode_compatible cannot be applied "
+                "to %s because it doesn't define __str__()." % klass.__name__
+            )
         klass.__unicode__ = klass.__str__
-        klass.__str__ = lambda self: self.__unicode__().encode('utf-8')
+        klass.__str__ = lambda self: self.__unicode__().encode("utf-8")
     return klass
 
 
@@ -859,8 +924,10 @@ if sys.meta_path:
         # be floating around. Therefore, we can't use isinstance() to check for
         # the six meta path importer, since the other six instance will have
         # inserted an importer with different class.
-        if (type(importer).__name__ == "_SixMetaPathImporter" and
-                importer.name == __name__):
+        if (
+            type(importer).__name__ == "_SixMetaPathImporter"
+            and importer.name == __name__
+        ):
             del sys.meta_path[i]
             break
     del i, importer
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/packages/ssl_match_hostname/__init__.py b/lib/urllib3/packages/ssl_match_hostname/__init__.py
index d6594eb..75b6bb1 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/packages/ssl_match_hostname/__init__.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/packages/ssl_match_hostname/__init__.py
@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ except ImportError:
         from ._implementation import CertificateError, match_hostname
 
 # Not needed, but documenting what we provide.
-__all__ = ('CertificateError', 'match_hostname')
+__all__ = ("CertificateError", "match_hostname")
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/packages/ssl_match_hostname/_implementation.py b/lib/urllib3/packages/ssl_match_hostname/_implementation.py
index d6e66c0..2d8e7a1 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/packages/ssl_match_hostname/_implementation.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/packages/ssl_match_hostname/_implementation.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     ipaddress = None
 
-__version__ = '3.5.0.1'
+__version__ = "3.5.0.1"
 
 
 class CertificateError(ValueError):
@@ -33,18 +33,19 @@ def _dnsname_match(dn, hostname, max_wildcards=1):
 
     # Ported from python3-syntax:
     # leftmost, *remainder = dn.split(r'.')
-    parts = dn.split(r'.')
+    parts = dn.split(r".")
     leftmost = parts[0]
     remainder = parts[1:]
 
-    wildcards = leftmost.count('*')
+    wildcards = leftmost.count("*")
     if wildcards > max_wildcards:
         # Issue #17980: avoid denials of service by refusing more
         # than one wildcard per fragment.  A survey of established
         # policy among SSL implementations showed it to be a
         # reasonable choice.
         raise CertificateError(
-            "too many wildcards in certificate DNS name: " + repr(dn))
+            "too many wildcards in certificate DNS name: " + repr(dn)
+        )
 
     # speed up common case w/o wildcards
     if not wildcards:
@@ -53,11 +54,11 @@ def _dnsname_match(dn, hostname, max_wildcards=1):
     # RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 1.
     # The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier in which
     # the wildcard character comprises a label other than the left-most label.
-    if leftmost == '*':
+    if leftmost == "*":
         # When '*' is a fragment by itself, it matches a non-empty dotless
         # fragment.
-        pats.append('[^.]+')
-    elif leftmost.startswith('xn--') or hostname.startswith('xn--'):
+        pats.append("[^.]+")
+    elif leftmost.startswith("xn--") or hostname.startswith("xn--"):
         # RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 3.
         # The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier
         # where the wildcard character is embedded within an A-label or
@@ -65,21 +66,22 @@ def _dnsname_match(dn, hostname, max_wildcards=1):
         pats.append(re.escape(leftmost))
     else:
         # Otherwise, '*' matches any dotless string, e.g. www*
-        pats.append(re.escape(leftmost).replace(r'\*', '[^.]*'))
+        pats.append(re.escape(leftmost).replace(r"\*", "[^.]*"))
 
     # add the remaining fragments, ignore any wildcards
     for frag in remainder:
         pats.append(re.escape(frag))
 
-    pat = re.compile(r'\A' + r'\.'.join(pats) + r'\Z', re.IGNORECASE)
+    pat = re.compile(r"\A" + r"\.".join(pats) + r"\Z", re.IGNORECASE)
     return pat.match(hostname)
 
 
 def _to_unicode(obj):
     if isinstance(obj, str) and sys.version_info < (3,):
-        obj = unicode(obj, encoding='ascii', errors='strict')
+        obj = unicode(obj, encoding="ascii", errors="strict")
     return obj
 
+
 def _ipaddress_match(ipname, host_ip):
     """Exact matching of IP addresses.
 
@@ -101,9 +103,11 @@ def match_hostname(cert, hostname):
     returns nothing.
     """
     if not cert:
-        raise ValueError("empty or no certificate, match_hostname needs a "
-                         "SSL socket or SSL context with either "
-                         "CERT_OPTIONAL or CERT_REQUIRED")
+        raise ValueError(
+            "empty or no certificate, match_hostname needs a "
+            "SSL socket or SSL context with either "
+            "CERT_OPTIONAL or CERT_REQUIRED"
+        )
     try:
         # Divergence from upstream: ipaddress can't handle byte str
         host_ip = ipaddress.ip_address(_to_unicode(hostname))
@@ -122,35 +126,37 @@ def match_hostname(cert, hostname):
         else:
             raise
     dnsnames = []
-    san = cert.get('subjectAltName', ())
+    san = cert.get("subjectAltName", ())
     for key, value in san:
-        if key == 'DNS':
+        if key == "DNS":
             if host_ip is None and _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
                 return
             dnsnames.append(value)
-        elif key == 'IP Address':
+        elif key == "IP Address":
             if host_ip is not None and _ipaddress_match(value, host_ip):
                 return
             dnsnames.append(value)
     if not dnsnames:
         # The subject is only checked when there is no dNSName entry
         # in subjectAltName
-        for sub in cert.get('subject', ()):
+        for sub in cert.get("subject", ()):
             for key, value in sub:
                 # XXX according to RFC 2818, the most specific Common Name
                 # must be used.
-                if key == 'commonName':
+                if key == "commonName":
                     if _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
                         return
                     dnsnames.append(value)
     if len(dnsnames) > 1:
-        raise CertificateError("hostname %r "
-            "doesn't match either of %s"
-            % (hostname, ', '.join(map(repr, dnsnames))))
+        raise CertificateError(
+            "hostname %r "
+            "doesn't match either of %s" % (hostname, ", ".join(map(repr, dnsnames)))
+        )
     elif len(dnsnames) == 1:
-        raise CertificateError("hostname %r "
-            "doesn't match %r"
-            % (hostname, dnsnames[0]))
+        raise CertificateError(
+            "hostname %r " "doesn't match %r" % (hostname, dnsnames[0])
+        )
     else:
-        raise CertificateError("no appropriate commonName or "
-            "subjectAltName fields were found")
+        raise CertificateError(
+            "no appropriate commonName or " "subjectAltName fields were found"
+        )
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/poolmanager.py b/lib/urllib3/poolmanager.py
index a6ade6e..242a2f8 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/poolmanager.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/poolmanager.py
@@ -14,48 +14,55 @@ from .util.url import parse_url
 from .util.retry import Retry
 
 
-__all__ = ['PoolManager', 'ProxyManager', 'proxy_from_url']
+__all__ = ["PoolManager", "ProxyManager", "proxy_from_url"]
 
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-SSL_KEYWORDS = ('key_file', 'cert_file', 'cert_reqs', 'ca_certs',
-                'ssl_version', 'ca_cert_dir', 'ssl_context',
-                'key_password')
+SSL_KEYWORDS = (
+    "key_file",
+    "cert_file",
+    "cert_reqs",
+    "ca_certs",
+    "ssl_version",
+    "ca_cert_dir",
+    "ssl_context",
+    "key_password",
+)
 
 # All known keyword arguments that could be provided to the pool manager, its
 # pools, or the underlying connections. This is used to construct a pool key.
 _key_fields = (
-    'key_scheme',  # str
-    'key_host',  # str
-    'key_port',  # int
-    'key_timeout',  # int or float or Timeout
-    'key_retries',  # int or Retry
-    'key_strict',  # bool
-    'key_block',  # bool
-    'key_source_address',  # str
-    'key_key_file',  # str
-    'key_key_password',  # str
-    'key_cert_file',  # str
-    'key_cert_reqs',  # str
-    'key_ca_certs',  # str
-    'key_ssl_version',  # str
-    'key_ca_cert_dir',  # str
-    'key_ssl_context',  # instance of ssl.SSLContext or urllib3.util.ssl_.SSLContext
-    'key_maxsize',  # int
-    'key_headers',  # dict
-    'key__proxy',  # parsed proxy url
-    'key__proxy_headers',  # dict
-    'key_socket_options',  # list of (level (int), optname (int), value (int or str)) tuples
-    'key__socks_options',  # dict
-    'key_assert_hostname',  # bool or string
-    'key_assert_fingerprint',  # str
-    'key_server_hostname',  # str
+    "key_scheme",  # str
+    "key_host",  # str
+    "key_port",  # int
+    "key_timeout",  # int or float or Timeout
+    "key_retries",  # int or Retry
+    "key_strict",  # bool
+    "key_block",  # bool
+    "key_source_address",  # str
+    "key_key_file",  # str
+    "key_key_password",  # str
+    "key_cert_file",  # str
+    "key_cert_reqs",  # str
+    "key_ca_certs",  # str
+    "key_ssl_version",  # str
+    "key_ca_cert_dir",  # str
+    "key_ssl_context",  # instance of ssl.SSLContext or urllib3.util.ssl_.SSLContext
+    "key_maxsize",  # int
+    "key_headers",  # dict
+    "key__proxy",  # parsed proxy url
+    "key__proxy_headers",  # dict
+    "key_socket_options",  # list of (level (int), optname (int), value (int or str)) tuples
+    "key__socks_options",  # dict
+    "key_assert_hostname",  # bool or string
+    "key_assert_fingerprint",  # str
+    "key_server_hostname",  # str
 )
 
 #: The namedtuple class used to construct keys for the connection pool.
 #: All custom key schemes should include the fields in this key at a minimum.
-PoolKey = collections.namedtuple('PoolKey', _key_fields)
+PoolKey = collections.namedtuple("PoolKey", _key_fields)
 
 
 def _default_key_normalizer(key_class, request_context):
@@ -80,24 +87,24 @@ def _default_key_normalizer(key_class, request_context):
     """
     # Since we mutate the dictionary, make a copy first
     context = request_context.copy()
-    context['scheme'] = context['scheme'].lower()
-    context['host'] = context['host'].lower()
+    context["scheme"] = context["scheme"].lower()
+    context["host"] = context["host"].lower()
 
     # These are both dictionaries and need to be transformed into frozensets
-    for key in ('headers', '_proxy_headers', '_socks_options'):
+    for key in ("headers", "_proxy_headers", "_socks_options"):
         if key in context and context[key] is not None:
             context[key] = frozenset(context[key].items())
 
     # The socket_options key may be a list and needs to be transformed into a
     # tuple.
-    socket_opts = context.get('socket_options')
+    socket_opts = context.get("socket_options")
     if socket_opts is not None:
-        context['socket_options'] = tuple(socket_opts)
+        context["socket_options"] = tuple(socket_opts)
 
     # Map the kwargs to the names in the namedtuple - this is necessary since
     # namedtuples can't have fields starting with '_'.
     for key in list(context.keys()):
-        context['key_' + key] = context.pop(key)
+        context["key_" + key] = context.pop(key)
 
     # Default to ``None`` for keys missing from the context
     for field in key_class._fields:
@@ -112,14 +119,11 @@ def _default_key_normalizer(key_class, request_context):
 #: Each PoolManager makes a copy of this dictionary so they can be configured
 #: globally here, or individually on the instance.
 key_fn_by_scheme = {
-    'http': functools.partial(_default_key_normalizer, PoolKey),
-    'https': functools.partial(_default_key_normalizer, PoolKey),
+    "http": functools.partial(_default_key_normalizer, PoolKey),
+    "https": functools.partial(_default_key_normalizer, PoolKey),
 }
 
-pool_classes_by_scheme = {
-    'http': HTTPConnectionPool,
-    'https': HTTPSConnectionPool,
-}
+pool_classes_by_scheme = {"http": HTTPConnectionPool, "https": HTTPSConnectionPool}
 
 
 class PoolManager(RequestMethods):
@@ -155,8 +159,7 @@ class PoolManager(RequestMethods):
     def __init__(self, num_pools=10, headers=None, **connection_pool_kw):
         RequestMethods.__init__(self, headers)
         self.connection_pool_kw = connection_pool_kw
-        self.pools = RecentlyUsedContainer(num_pools,
-                                           dispose_func=lambda p: p.close())
+        self.pools = RecentlyUsedContainer(num_pools, dispose_func=lambda p: p.close())
 
         # Locally set the pool classes and keys so other PoolManagers can
         # override them.
@@ -189,10 +192,10 @@ class PoolManager(RequestMethods):
         # this function has historically only used the scheme, host, and port
         # in the positional args. When an API change is acceptable these can
         # be removed.
-        for key in ('scheme', 'host', 'port'):
+        for key in ("scheme", "host", "port"):
             request_context.pop(key, None)
 
-        if scheme == 'http':
+        if scheme == "http":
             for kw in SSL_KEYWORDS:
                 request_context.pop(kw, None)
 
@@ -207,7 +210,7 @@ class PoolManager(RequestMethods):
         """
         self.pools.clear()
 
-    def connection_from_host(self, host, port=None, scheme='http', pool_kwargs=None):
+    def connection_from_host(self, host, port=None, scheme="http", pool_kwargs=None):
         """
         Get a :class:`ConnectionPool` based on the host, port, and scheme.
 
@@ -222,11 +225,11 @@ class PoolManager(RequestMethods):
             raise LocationValueError("No host specified.")
 
         request_context = self._merge_pool_kwargs(pool_kwargs)
-        request_context['scheme'] = scheme or 'http'
+        request_context["scheme"] = scheme or "http"
         if not port:
-            port = port_by_scheme.get(request_context['scheme'].lower(), 80)
-        request_context['port'] = port
-        request_context['host'] = host
+            port = port_by_scheme.get(request_context["scheme"].lower(), 80)
+        request_context["port"] = port
+        request_context["host"] = host
 
         return self.connection_from_context(request_context)
 
@@ -237,7 +240,7 @@ class PoolManager(RequestMethods):
         ``request_context`` must at least contain the ``scheme`` key and its
         value must be a key in ``key_fn_by_scheme`` instance variable.
         """
-        scheme = request_context['scheme'].lower()
+        scheme = request_context["scheme"].lower()
         pool_key_constructor = self.key_fn_by_scheme[scheme]
         pool_key = pool_key_constructor(request_context)
 
@@ -259,9 +262,9 @@ class PoolManager(RequestMethods):
                 return pool
 
             # Make a fresh ConnectionPool of the desired type
-            scheme = request_context['scheme']
-            host = request_context['host']
-            port = request_context['port']
+            scheme = request_context["scheme"]
+            host = request_context["host"]
+            port = request_context["port"]
             pool = self._new_pool(scheme, host, port, request_context=request_context)
             self.pools[pool_key] = pool
 
@@ -279,8 +282,9 @@ class PoolManager(RequestMethods):
         not used.
         """
         u = parse_url(url)
-        return self.connection_from_host(u.host, port=u.port, scheme=u.scheme,
-                                         pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs)
+        return self.connection_from_host(
+            u.host, port=u.port, scheme=u.scheme, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
+        )
 
     def _merge_pool_kwargs(self, override):
         """
@@ -314,11 +318,11 @@ class PoolManager(RequestMethods):
         u = parse_url(url)
         conn = self.connection_from_host(u.host, port=u.port, scheme=u.scheme)
 
-        kw['assert_same_host'] = False
-        kw['redirect'] = False
+        kw["assert_same_host"] = False
+        kw["redirect"] = False
 
-        if 'headers' not in kw:
-            kw['headers'] = self.headers.copy()
+        if "headers" not in kw:
+            kw["headers"] = self.headers.copy()
 
         if self.proxy is not None and u.scheme == "http":
             response = conn.urlopen(method, url, **kw)
@@ -334,21 +338,22 @@ class PoolManager(RequestMethods):
 
         # RFC 7231, Section 6.4.4
         if response.status == 303:
-            method = 'GET'
+            method = "GET"
 
-        retries = kw.get('retries')
+        retries = kw.get("retries")
         if not isinstance(retries, Retry):
             retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect)
 
         # Strip headers marked as unsafe to forward to the redirected location.
         # Check remove_headers_on_redirect to avoid a potential network call within
         # conn.is_same_host() which may use socket.gethostbyname() in the future.
-        if (retries.remove_headers_on_redirect
-                and not conn.is_same_host(redirect_location)):
-            headers = list(six.iterkeys(kw['headers']))
+        if retries.remove_headers_on_redirect and not conn.is_same_host(
+            redirect_location
+        ):
+            headers = list(six.iterkeys(kw["headers"]))
             for header in headers:
                 if header.lower() in retries.remove_headers_on_redirect:
-                    kw['headers'].pop(header, None)
+                    kw["headers"].pop(header, None)
 
         try:
             retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=response, _pool=conn)
@@ -357,8 +362,8 @@ class PoolManager(RequestMethods):
                 raise
             return response
 
-        kw['retries'] = retries
-        kw['redirect'] = redirect
+        kw["retries"] = retries
+        kw["redirect"] = redirect
 
         log.info("Redirecting %s -> %s", url, redirect_location)
         return self.urlopen(method, redirect_location, **kw)
@@ -391,12 +396,21 @@ class ProxyManager(PoolManager):
 
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, proxy_url, num_pools=10, headers=None,
-                 proxy_headers=None, **connection_pool_kw):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url,
+        num_pools=10,
+        headers=None,
+        proxy_headers=None,
+        **connection_pool_kw
+    ):
 
         if isinstance(proxy_url, HTTPConnectionPool):
-            proxy_url = '%s://%s:%i' % (proxy_url.scheme, proxy_url.host,
-                                        proxy_url.port)
+            proxy_url = "%s://%s:%i" % (
+                proxy_url.scheme,
+                proxy_url.host,
+                proxy_url.port,
+            )
         proxy = parse_url(proxy_url)
         if not proxy.port:
             port = port_by_scheme.get(proxy.scheme, 80)
@@ -408,30 +422,31 @@ class ProxyManager(PoolManager):
         self.proxy = proxy
         self.proxy_headers = proxy_headers or {}
 
-        connection_pool_kw['_proxy'] = self.proxy
-        connection_pool_kw['_proxy_headers'] = self.proxy_headers
+        connection_pool_kw["_proxy"] = self.proxy
+        connection_pool_kw["_proxy_headers"] = self.proxy_headers
 
-        super(ProxyManager, self).__init__(
-            num_pools, headers, **connection_pool_kw)
+        super(ProxyManager, self).__init__(num_pools, headers, **connection_pool_kw)
 
-    def connection_from_host(self, host, port=None, scheme='http', pool_kwargs=None):
+    def connection_from_host(self, host, port=None, scheme="http", pool_kwargs=None):
         if scheme == "https":
             return super(ProxyManager, self).connection_from_host(
-                host, port, scheme, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs)
+                host, port, scheme, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
+            )
 
         return super(ProxyManager, self).connection_from_host(
-            self.proxy.host, self.proxy.port, self.proxy.scheme, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs)
+            self.proxy.host, self.proxy.port, self.proxy.scheme, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
+        )
 
     def _set_proxy_headers(self, url, headers=None):
         """
         Sets headers needed by proxies: specifically, the Accept and Host
         headers. Only sets headers not provided by the user.
         """
-        headers_ = {'Accept': '*/*'}
+        headers_ = {"Accept": "*/*"}
 
         netloc = parse_url(url).netloc
         if netloc:
-            headers_['Host'] = netloc
+            headers_["Host"] = netloc
 
         if headers:
             headers_.update(headers)
@@ -445,8 +460,8 @@ class ProxyManager(PoolManager):
             # For proxied HTTPS requests, httplib sets the necessary headers
             # on the CONNECT to the proxy. For HTTP, we'll definitely
             # need to set 'Host' at the very least.
-            headers = kw.get('headers', self.headers)
-            kw['headers'] = self._set_proxy_headers(url, headers)
+            headers = kw.get("headers", self.headers)
+            kw["headers"] = self._set_proxy_headers(url, headers)
 
         return super(ProxyManager, self).urlopen(method, url, redirect=redirect, **kw)
 
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/request.py b/lib/urllib3/request.py
index 8f2f44b..55f160b 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/request.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/request.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from .filepost import encode_multipart_formdata
 from .packages.six.moves.urllib.parse import urlencode
 
 
-__all__ = ['RequestMethods']
+__all__ = ["RequestMethods"]
 
 
 class RequestMethods(object):
@@ -36,16 +36,25 @@ class RequestMethods(object):
         explicitly.
     """
 
-    _encode_url_methods = {'DELETE', 'GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS'}
+    _encode_url_methods = {"DELETE", "GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS"}
 
     def __init__(self, headers=None):
         self.headers = headers or {}
 
-    def urlopen(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None,
-                encode_multipart=True, multipart_boundary=None,
-                **kw):  # Abstract
-        raise NotImplementedError("Classes extending RequestMethods must implement "
-                                  "their own ``urlopen`` method.")
+    def urlopen(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        body=None,
+        headers=None,
+        encode_multipart=True,
+        multipart_boundary=None,
+        **kw
+    ):  # Abstract
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Classes extending RequestMethods must implement "
+            "their own ``urlopen`` method."
+        )
 
     def request(self, method, url, fields=None, headers=None, **urlopen_kw):
         """
@@ -60,19 +69,18 @@ class RequestMethods(object):
         """
         method = method.upper()
 
-        urlopen_kw['request_url'] = url
+        urlopen_kw["request_url"] = url
 
         if method in self._encode_url_methods:
-            return self.request_encode_url(method, url, fields=fields,
-                                           headers=headers,
-                                           **urlopen_kw)
+            return self.request_encode_url(
+                method, url, fields=fields, headers=headers, **urlopen_kw
+            )
         else:
-            return self.request_encode_body(method, url, fields=fields,
-                                            headers=headers,
-                                            **urlopen_kw)
+            return self.request_encode_body(
+                method, url, fields=fields, headers=headers, **urlopen_kw
+            )
 
-    def request_encode_url(self, method, url, fields=None, headers=None,
-                           **urlopen_kw):
+    def request_encode_url(self, method, url, fields=None, headers=None, **urlopen_kw):
         """
         Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the ``fields`` encoded in
         the url. This is useful for request methods like GET, HEAD, DELETE, etc.
@@ -80,17 +88,24 @@ class RequestMethods(object):
         if headers is None:
             headers = self.headers
 
-        extra_kw = {'headers': headers}
+        extra_kw = {"headers": headers}
         extra_kw.update(urlopen_kw)
 
         if fields:
-            url += '?' + urlencode(fields)
+            url += "?" + urlencode(fields)
 
         return self.urlopen(method, url, **extra_kw)
 
-    def request_encode_body(self, method, url, fields=None, headers=None,
-                            encode_multipart=True, multipart_boundary=None,
-                            **urlopen_kw):
+    def request_encode_body(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        fields=None,
+        headers=None,
+        encode_multipart=True,
+        multipart_boundary=None,
+        **urlopen_kw
+    ):
         """
         Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the ``fields`` encoded in
         the body. This is useful for request methods like POST, PUT, PATCH, etc.
@@ -129,22 +144,28 @@ class RequestMethods(object):
         if headers is None:
             headers = self.headers
 
-        extra_kw = {'headers': {}}
+        extra_kw = {"headers": {}}
 
         if fields:
-            if 'body' in urlopen_kw:
+            if "body" in urlopen_kw:
                 raise TypeError(
-                    "request got values for both 'fields' and 'body', can only specify one.")
+                    "request got values for both 'fields' and 'body', can only specify one."
+                )
 
             if encode_multipart:
-                body, content_type = encode_multipart_formdata(fields, boundary=multipart_boundary)
+                body, content_type = encode_multipart_formdata(
+                    fields, boundary=multipart_boundary
+                )
             else:
-                body, content_type = urlencode(fields), 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
+                body, content_type = (
+                    urlencode(fields),
+                    "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+                )
 
-            extra_kw['body'] = body
-            extra_kw['headers'] = {'Content-Type': content_type}
+            extra_kw["body"] = body
+            extra_kw["headers"] = {"Content-Type": content_type}
 
-        extra_kw['headers'].update(headers)
+        extra_kw["headers"].update(headers)
         extra_kw.update(urlopen_kw)
 
         return self.urlopen(method, url, **extra_kw)
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/response.py b/lib/urllib3/response.py
index 4f85793..50de013 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/response.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/response.py
@@ -13,8 +13,13 @@ except ImportError:
 
 from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict
 from .exceptions import (
-    BodyNotHttplibCompatible, ProtocolError, DecodeError, ReadTimeoutError,
-    ResponseNotChunked, IncompleteRead, InvalidHeader
+    BodyNotHttplibCompatible,
+    ProtocolError,
+    DecodeError,
+    ReadTimeoutError,
+    ResponseNotChunked,
+    IncompleteRead,
+    InvalidHeader,
 )
 from .packages.six import string_types as basestring, PY3
 from .packages.six.moves import http_client as httplib
@@ -25,10 +30,9 @@ log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class DeflateDecoder(object):
-
     def __init__(self):
         self._first_try = True
-        self._data = b''
+        self._data = b""
         self._obj = zlib.decompressobj()
 
     def __getattr__(self, name):
@@ -65,7 +69,6 @@ class GzipDecoderState(object):
 
 
 class GzipDecoder(object):
-
     def __init__(self):
         self._obj = zlib.decompressobj(16 + zlib.MAX_WBITS)
         self._state = GzipDecoderState.FIRST_MEMBER
@@ -96,6 +99,7 @@ class GzipDecoder(object):
 
 
 if brotli is not None:
+
     class BrotliDecoder(object):
         # Supports both 'brotlipy' and 'Brotli' packages
         # since they share an import name. The top branches
@@ -104,14 +108,14 @@ if brotli is not None:
             self._obj = brotli.Decompressor()
 
         def decompress(self, data):
-            if hasattr(self._obj, 'decompress'):
+            if hasattr(self._obj, "decompress"):
                 return self._obj.decompress(data)
             return self._obj.process(data)
 
         def flush(self):
-            if hasattr(self._obj, 'flush'):
+            if hasattr(self._obj, "flush"):
                 return self._obj.flush()
-            return b''
+            return b""
 
 
 class MultiDecoder(object):
@@ -124,7 +128,7 @@ class MultiDecoder(object):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, modes):
-        self._decoders = [_get_decoder(m.strip()) for m in modes.split(',')]
+        self._decoders = [_get_decoder(m.strip()) for m in modes.split(",")]
 
     def flush(self):
         return self._decoders[0].flush()
@@ -136,13 +140,13 @@ class MultiDecoder(object):
 
 
 def _get_decoder(mode):
-    if ',' in mode:
+    if "," in mode:
         return MultiDecoder(mode)
 
-    if mode == 'gzip':
+    if mode == "gzip":
         return GzipDecoder()
 
-    if brotli is not None and mode == 'br':
+    if brotli is not None and mode == "br":
         return BrotliDecoder()
 
     return DeflateDecoder()
@@ -181,16 +185,30 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
         value of Content-Length header, if present. Otherwise, raise error.
     """
 
-    CONTENT_DECODERS = ['gzip', 'deflate']
+    CONTENT_DECODERS = ["gzip", "deflate"]
     if brotli is not None:
-        CONTENT_DECODERS += ['br']
+        CONTENT_DECODERS += ["br"]
     REDIRECT_STATUSES = [301, 302, 303, 307, 308]
 
-    def __init__(self, body='', headers=None, status=0, version=0, reason=None,
-                 strict=0, preload_content=True, decode_content=True,
-                 original_response=None, pool=None, connection=None, msg=None,
-                 retries=None, enforce_content_length=False,
-                 request_method=None, request_url=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        body="",
+        headers=None,
+        status=0,
+        version=0,
+        reason=None,
+        strict=0,
+        preload_content=True,
+        decode_content=True,
+        original_response=None,
+        pool=None,
+        connection=None,
+        msg=None,
+        retries=None,
+        enforce_content_length=False,
+        request_method=None,
+        request_url=None,
+    ):
 
         if isinstance(headers, HTTPHeaderDict):
             self.headers = headers
@@ -218,13 +236,13 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
         self._pool = pool
         self._connection = connection
 
-        if hasattr(body, 'read'):
+        if hasattr(body, "read"):
             self._fp = body
 
         # Are we using the chunked-style of transfer encoding?
         self.chunked = False
         self.chunk_left = None
-        tr_enc = self.headers.get('transfer-encoding', '').lower()
+        tr_enc = self.headers.get("transfer-encoding", "").lower()
         # Don't incur the penalty of creating a list and then discarding it
         encodings = (enc.strip() for enc in tr_enc.split(","))
         if "chunked" in encodings:
@@ -246,7 +264,7 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
             location. ``False`` if not a redirect status code.
         """
         if self.status in self.REDIRECT_STATUSES:
-            return self.headers.get('location')
+            return self.headers.get("location")
 
         return False
 
@@ -285,18 +303,20 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
         """
         Set initial length value for Response content if available.
         """
-        length = self.headers.get('content-length')
+        length = self.headers.get("content-length")
 
         if length is not None:
             if self.chunked:
                 # This Response will fail with an IncompleteRead if it can't be
                 # received as chunked. This method falls back to attempt reading
                 # the response before raising an exception.
-                log.warning("Received response with both Content-Length and "
-                            "Transfer-Encoding set. This is expressly forbidden "
-                            "by RFC 7230 sec 3.3.2. Ignoring Content-Length and "
-                            "attempting to process response as Transfer-Encoding: "
-                            "chunked.")
+                log.warning(
+                    "Received response with both Content-Length and "
+                    "Transfer-Encoding set. This is expressly forbidden "
+                    "by RFC 7230 sec 3.3.2. Ignoring Content-Length and "
+                    "attempting to process response as Transfer-Encoding: "
+                    "chunked."
+                )
                 return None
 
             try:
@@ -305,10 +325,12 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
                 # (e.g. Content-Length: 42, 42). This line ensures the values
                 # are all valid ints and that as long as the `set` length is 1,
                 # all values are the same. Otherwise, the header is invalid.
-                lengths = set([int(val) for val in length.split(',')])
+                lengths = set([int(val) for val in length.split(",")])
                 if len(lengths) > 1:
-                    raise InvalidHeader("Content-Length contained multiple "
-                                        "unmatching values (%s)" % length)
+                    raise InvalidHeader(
+                        "Content-Length contained multiple "
+                        "unmatching values (%s)" % length
+                    )
                 length = lengths.pop()
             except ValueError:
                 length = None
@@ -324,7 +346,7 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
             status = 0
 
         # Check for responses that shouldn't include a body
-        if status in (204, 304) or 100 <= status < 200 or request_method == 'HEAD':
+        if status in (204, 304) or 100 <= status < 200 or request_method == "HEAD":
             length = 0
 
         return length
@@ -335,14 +357,16 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
         """
         # Note: content-encoding value should be case-insensitive, per RFC 7230
         # Section 3.2
-        content_encoding = self.headers.get('content-encoding', '').lower()
+        content_encoding = self.headers.get("content-encoding", "").lower()
         if self._decoder is None:
             if content_encoding in self.CONTENT_DECODERS:
                 self._decoder = _get_decoder(content_encoding)
-            elif ',' in content_encoding:
+            elif "," in content_encoding:
                 encodings = [
-                    e.strip() for e in content_encoding.split(',')
-                    if e.strip() in self.CONTENT_DECODERS]
+                    e.strip()
+                    for e in content_encoding.split(",")
+                    if e.strip() in self.CONTENT_DECODERS
+                ]
                 if len(encodings):
                     self._decoder = _get_decoder(content_encoding)
 
@@ -361,10 +385,12 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
             if self._decoder:
                 data = self._decoder.decompress(data)
         except self.DECODER_ERROR_CLASSES as e:
-            content_encoding = self.headers.get('content-encoding', '').lower()
+            content_encoding = self.headers.get("content-encoding", "").lower()
             raise DecodeError(
                 "Received response with content-encoding: %s, but "
-                "failed to decode it." % content_encoding, e)
+                "failed to decode it." % content_encoding,
+                e,
+            )
         if flush_decoder:
             data += self._flush_decoder()
 
@@ -376,10 +402,10 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
         being used.
         """
         if self._decoder:
-            buf = self._decoder.decompress(b'')
+            buf = self._decoder.decompress(b"")
             return buf + self._decoder.flush()
 
-        return b''
+        return b""
 
     @contextmanager
     def _error_catcher(self):
@@ -399,20 +425,20 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
             except SocketTimeout:
                 # FIXME: Ideally we'd like to include the url in the ReadTimeoutError but
                 # there is yet no clean way to get at it from this context.
-                raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, 'Read timed out.')
+                raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.")
 
             except BaseSSLError as e:
                 # FIXME: Is there a better way to differentiate between SSLErrors?
-                if 'read operation timed out' not in str(e):  # Defensive:
+                if "read operation timed out" not in str(e):  # Defensive:
                     # This shouldn't happen but just in case we're missing an edge
                     # case, let's avoid swallowing SSL errors.
                     raise
 
-                raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, 'Read timed out.')
+                raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.")
 
             except (HTTPException, SocketError) as e:
                 # This includes IncompleteRead.
-                raise ProtocolError('Connection broken: %r' % e, e)
+                raise ProtocolError("Connection broken: %r" % e, e)
 
             # If no exception is thrown, we should avoid cleaning up
             # unnecessarily.
@@ -477,7 +503,9 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
             else:
                 cache_content = False
                 data = self._fp.read(amt)
-                if amt != 0 and not data:  # Platform-specific: Buggy versions of Python.
+                if (
+                    amt != 0 and not data
+                ):  # Platform-specific: Buggy versions of Python.
                     # Close the connection when no data is returned
                     #
                     # This is redundant to what httplib/http.client _should_
@@ -487,7 +515,10 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
                     # no harm in redundantly calling close.
                     self._fp.close()
                     flush_decoder = True
-                    if self.enforce_content_length and self.length_remaining not in (0, None):
+                    if self.enforce_content_length and self.length_remaining not in (
+                        0,
+                        None,
+                    ):
                         # This is an edge case that httplib failed to cover due
                         # to concerns of backward compatibility. We're
                         # addressing it here to make sure IncompleteRead is
@@ -507,7 +538,7 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
 
         return data
 
-    def stream(self, amt=2**16, decode_content=None):
+    def stream(self, amt=2 ** 16, decode_content=None):
         """
         A generator wrapper for the read() method. A call will block until
         ``amt`` bytes have been read from the connection or until the
@@ -552,15 +583,17 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
                 headers = HTTPHeaderDict.from_httplib(headers)
 
         # HTTPResponse objects in Python 3 don't have a .strict attribute
-        strict = getattr(r, 'strict', 0)
-        resp = ResponseCls(body=r,
-                           headers=headers,
-                           status=r.status,
-                           version=r.version,
-                           reason=r.reason,
-                           strict=strict,
-                           original_response=r,
-                           **response_kw)
+        strict = getattr(r, "strict", 0)
+        resp = ResponseCls(
+            body=r,
+            headers=headers,
+            status=r.status,
+            version=r.version,
+            reason=r.reason,
+            strict=strict,
+            original_response=r,
+            **response_kw
+        )
         return resp
 
     # Backwards-compatibility methods for httplib.HTTPResponse
@@ -586,9 +619,9 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
     def closed(self):
         if self._fp is None:
             return True
-        elif hasattr(self._fp, 'isclosed'):
+        elif hasattr(self._fp, "isclosed"):
             return self._fp.isclosed()
-        elif hasattr(self._fp, 'closed'):
+        elif hasattr(self._fp, "closed"):
             return self._fp.closed
         else:
             return True
@@ -599,11 +632,13 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
         elif hasattr(self._fp, "fileno"):
             return self._fp.fileno()
         else:
-            raise IOError("The file-like object this HTTPResponse is wrapped "
-                          "around has no file descriptor")
+            raise IOError(
+                "The file-like object this HTTPResponse is wrapped "
+                "around has no file descriptor"
+            )
 
     def flush(self):
-        if self._fp is not None and hasattr(self._fp, 'flush'):
+        if self._fp is not None and hasattr(self._fp, "flush"):
             return self._fp.flush()
 
     def readable(self):
@@ -616,7 +651,7 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
         if len(temp) == 0:
             return 0
         else:
-            b[:len(temp)] = temp
+            b[: len(temp)] = temp
             return len(temp)
 
     def supports_chunked_reads(self):
@@ -626,7 +661,7 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
         attribute. If it is present we assume it returns raw chunks as
         processed by read_chunked().
         """
-        return hasattr(self._fp, 'fp')
+        return hasattr(self._fp, "fp")
 
     def _update_chunk_length(self):
         # First, we'll figure out length of a chunk and then
@@ -634,7 +669,7 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
         if self.chunk_left is not None:
             return
         line = self._fp.fp.readline()
-        line = line.split(b';', 1)[0]
+        line = line.split(b";", 1)[0]
         try:
             self.chunk_left = int(line, 16)
         except ValueError:
@@ -683,11 +718,13 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
         if not self.chunked:
             raise ResponseNotChunked(
                 "Response is not chunked. "
-                "Header 'transfer-encoding: chunked' is missing.")
+                "Header 'transfer-encoding: chunked' is missing."
+            )
         if not self.supports_chunked_reads():
             raise BodyNotHttplibCompatible(
                 "Body should be httplib.HTTPResponse like. "
-                "It should have have an fp attribute which returns raw chunks.")
+                "It should have have an fp attribute which returns raw chunks."
+            )
 
         with self._error_catcher():
             # Don't bother reading the body of a HEAD request.
@@ -705,8 +742,9 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
                 if self.chunk_left == 0:
                     break
                 chunk = self._handle_chunk(amt)
-                decoded = self._decode(chunk, decode_content=decode_content,
-                                       flush_decoder=False)
+                decoded = self._decode(
+                    chunk, decode_content=decode_content, flush_decoder=False
+                )
                 if decoded:
                     yield decoded
 
@@ -724,7 +762,7 @@ class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
                 if not line:
                     # Some sites may not end with '\r\n'.
                     break
-                if line == b'\r\n':
+                if line == b"\r\n":
                     break
 
             # We read everything; close the "file".
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/util/__init__.py b/lib/urllib3/util/__init__.py
index 2914bb4..a96c73a 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/util/__init__.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/util/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import absolute_import
+
 # For backwards compatibility, provide imports that used to be here.
 from .connection import is_connection_dropped
 from .request import make_headers
@@ -14,43 +15,32 @@ from .ssl_ import (
     ssl_wrap_socket,
     PROTOCOL_TLS,
 )
-from .timeout import (
-    current_time,
-    Timeout,
-)
+from .timeout import current_time, Timeout
 
 from .retry import Retry
-from .url import (
-    get_host,
-    parse_url,
-    split_first,
-    Url,
-)
-from .wait import (
-    wait_for_read,
-    wait_for_write
-)
+from .url import get_host, parse_url, split_first, Url
+from .wait import wait_for_read, wait_for_write
 
 __all__ = (
-    'HAS_SNI',
-    'IS_PYOPENSSL',
-    'IS_SECURETRANSPORT',
-    'SSLContext',
-    'PROTOCOL_TLS',
-    'Retry',
-    'Timeout',
-    'Url',
-    'assert_fingerprint',
-    'current_time',
-    'is_connection_dropped',
-    'is_fp_closed',
-    'get_host',
-    'parse_url',
-    'make_headers',
-    'resolve_cert_reqs',
-    'resolve_ssl_version',
-    'split_first',
-    'ssl_wrap_socket',
-    'wait_for_read',
-    'wait_for_write'
+    "HAS_SNI",
+    "IS_PYOPENSSL",
+    "IS_SECURETRANSPORT",
+    "SSLContext",
+    "PROTOCOL_TLS",
+    "Retry",
+    "Timeout",
+    "Url",
+    "assert_fingerprint",
+    "current_time",
+    "is_connection_dropped",
+    "is_fp_closed",
+    "get_host",
+    "parse_url",
+    "make_headers",
+    "resolve_cert_reqs",
+    "resolve_ssl_version",
+    "split_first",
+    "ssl_wrap_socket",
+    "wait_for_read",
+    "wait_for_write",
 )
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/util/connection.py b/lib/urllib3/util/connection.py
index 5ad70b2..0e11126 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/util/connection.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/util/connection.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ def is_connection_dropped(conn):  # Platform-specific
     Note: For platforms like AppEngine, this will always return ``False`` to
     let the platform handle connection recycling transparently for us.
     """
-    sock = getattr(conn, 'sock', False)
+    sock = getattr(conn, "sock", False)
     if sock is False:  # Platform-specific: AppEngine
         return False
     if sock is None:  # Connection already closed (such as by httplib).
@@ -30,8 +30,12 @@ def is_connection_dropped(conn):  # Platform-specific
 # library test suite. Added to its signature is only `socket_options`.
 # One additional modification is that we avoid binding to IPv6 servers
 # discovered in DNS if the system doesn't have IPv6 functionality.
-def create_connection(address, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
-                      source_address=None, socket_options=None):
+def create_connection(
+    address,
+    timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+    source_address=None,
+    socket_options=None,
+):
     """Connect to *address* and return the socket object.
 
     Convenience function.  Connect to *address* (a 2-tuple ``(host,
@@ -45,8 +49,8 @@ def create_connection(address, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
     """
 
     host, port = address
-    if host.startswith('['):
-        host = host.strip('[]')
+    if host.startswith("["):
+        host = host.strip("[]")
     err = None
 
     # Using the value from allowed_gai_family() in the context of getaddrinfo lets
@@ -131,4 +135,4 @@ def _has_ipv6(host):
     return has_ipv6
 
 
-HAS_IPV6 = _has_ipv6('::1')
+HAS_IPV6 = _has_ipv6("::1")
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/util/request.py b/lib/urllib3/util/request.py
index 280b853..262a6d6 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/util/request.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/util/request.py
@@ -4,19 +4,25 @@ from base64 import b64encode
 from ..packages.six import b, integer_types
 from ..exceptions import UnrewindableBodyError
 
-ACCEPT_ENCODING = 'gzip,deflate'
+ACCEPT_ENCODING = "gzip,deflate"
 try:
     import brotli as _unused_module_brotli  # noqa: F401
 except ImportError:
     pass
 else:
-    ACCEPT_ENCODING += ',br'
+    ACCEPT_ENCODING += ",br"
 
 _FAILEDTELL = object()
 
 
-def make_headers(keep_alive=None, accept_encoding=None, user_agent=None,
-                 basic_auth=None, proxy_basic_auth=None, disable_cache=None):
+def make_headers(
+    keep_alive=None,
+    accept_encoding=None,
+    user_agent=None,
+    basic_auth=None,
+    proxy_basic_auth=None,
+    disable_cache=None,
+):
     """
     Shortcuts for generating request headers.
 
@@ -56,27 +62,27 @@ def make_headers(keep_alive=None, accept_encoding=None, user_agent=None,
         if isinstance(accept_encoding, str):
             pass
         elif isinstance(accept_encoding, list):
-            accept_encoding = ','.join(accept_encoding)
+            accept_encoding = ",".join(accept_encoding)
         else:
             accept_encoding = ACCEPT_ENCODING
-        headers['accept-encoding'] = accept_encoding
+        headers["accept-encoding"] = accept_encoding
 
     if user_agent:
-        headers['user-agent'] = user_agent
+        headers["user-agent"] = user_agent
 
     if keep_alive:
-        headers['connection'] = 'keep-alive'
+        headers["connection"] = "keep-alive"
 
     if basic_auth:
-        headers['authorization'] = 'Basic ' + \
-            b64encode(b(basic_auth)).decode('utf-8')
+        headers["authorization"] = "Basic " + b64encode(b(basic_auth)).decode("utf-8")
 
     if proxy_basic_auth:
-        headers['proxy-authorization'] = 'Basic ' + \
-            b64encode(b(proxy_basic_auth)).decode('utf-8')
+        headers["proxy-authorization"] = "Basic " + b64encode(
+            b(proxy_basic_auth)
+        ).decode("utf-8")
 
     if disable_cache:
-        headers['cache-control'] = 'no-cache'
+        headers["cache-control"] = "no-cache"
 
     return headers
 
@@ -88,7 +94,7 @@ def set_file_position(body, pos):
     """
     if pos is not None:
         rewind_body(body, pos)
-    elif getattr(body, 'tell', None) is not None:
+    elif getattr(body, "tell", None) is not None:
         try:
             pos = body.tell()
         except (IOError, OSError):
@@ -110,16 +116,20 @@ def rewind_body(body, body_pos):
     :param int pos:
         Position to seek to in file.
     """
-    body_seek = getattr(body, 'seek', None)
+    body_seek = getattr(body, "seek", None)
     if body_seek is not None and isinstance(body_pos, integer_types):
         try:
             body_seek(body_pos)
         except (IOError, OSError):
-            raise UnrewindableBodyError("An error occurred when rewinding request "
-                                        "body for redirect/retry.")
+            raise UnrewindableBodyError(
+                "An error occurred when rewinding request " "body for redirect/retry."
+            )
     elif body_pos is _FAILEDTELL:
-        raise UnrewindableBodyError("Unable to record file position for rewinding "
-                                    "request body during a redirect/retry.")
+        raise UnrewindableBodyError(
+            "Unable to record file position for rewinding "
+            "request body during a redirect/retry."
+        )
     else:
-        raise ValueError("body_pos must be of type integer, "
-                         "instead it was %s." % type(body_pos))
+        raise ValueError(
+            "body_pos must be of type integer, " "instead it was %s." % type(body_pos)
+        )
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/util/response.py b/lib/urllib3/util/response.py
index 3d54864..715868d 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/util/response.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/util/response.py
@@ -52,11 +52,10 @@ def assert_header_parsing(headers):
     # This will fail silently if we pass in the wrong kind of parameter.
     # To make debugging easier add an explicit check.
     if not isinstance(headers, httplib.HTTPMessage):
-        raise TypeError('expected httplib.Message, got {0}.'.format(
-            type(headers)))
+        raise TypeError("expected httplib.Message, got {0}.".format(type(headers)))
 
-    defects = getattr(headers, 'defects', None)
-    get_payload = getattr(headers, 'get_payload', None)
+    defects = getattr(headers, "defects", None)
+    get_payload = getattr(headers, "get_payload", None)
 
     unparsed_data = None
     if get_payload:
@@ -84,4 +83,4 @@ def is_response_to_head(response):
     method = response._method
     if isinstance(method, int):  # Platform-specific: Appengine
         return method == 3
-    return method.upper() == 'HEAD'
+    return method.upper() == "HEAD"
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/util/retry.py b/lib/urllib3/util/retry.py
index 02429ee..5a049fe 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/util/retry.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/util/retry.py
@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 # Data structure for representing the metadata of requests that result in a retry.
-RequestHistory = namedtuple('RequestHistory', ["method", "url", "error",
-                                               "status", "redirect_location"])
+RequestHistory = namedtuple(
+    "RequestHistory", ["method", "url", "error", "status", "redirect_location"]
+)
 
 
 class Retry(object):
@@ -146,21 +147,33 @@ class Retry(object):
         request.
     """
 
-    DEFAULT_METHOD_WHITELIST = frozenset([
-        'HEAD', 'GET', 'PUT', 'DELETE', 'OPTIONS', 'TRACE'])
+    DEFAULT_METHOD_WHITELIST = frozenset(
+        ["HEAD", "GET", "PUT", "DELETE", "OPTIONS", "TRACE"]
+    )
 
     RETRY_AFTER_STATUS_CODES = frozenset([413, 429, 503])
 
-    DEFAULT_REDIRECT_HEADERS_BLACKLIST = frozenset(['Authorization'])
+    DEFAULT_REDIRECT_HEADERS_BLACKLIST = frozenset(["Authorization"])
 
     #: Maximum backoff time.
     BACKOFF_MAX = 120
 
-    def __init__(self, total=10, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None,
-                 method_whitelist=DEFAULT_METHOD_WHITELIST, status_forcelist=None,
-                 backoff_factor=0, raise_on_redirect=True, raise_on_status=True,
-                 history=None, respect_retry_after_header=True,
-                 remove_headers_on_redirect=DEFAULT_REDIRECT_HEADERS_BLACKLIST):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        total=10,
+        connect=None,
+        read=None,
+        redirect=None,
+        status=None,
+        method_whitelist=DEFAULT_METHOD_WHITELIST,
+        status_forcelist=None,
+        backoff_factor=0,
+        raise_on_redirect=True,
+        raise_on_status=True,
+        history=None,
+        respect_retry_after_header=True,
+        remove_headers_on_redirect=DEFAULT_REDIRECT_HEADERS_BLACKLIST,
+    ):
 
         self.total = total
         self.connect = connect
@@ -179,20 +192,25 @@ class Retry(object):
         self.raise_on_status = raise_on_status
         self.history = history or tuple()
         self.respect_retry_after_header = respect_retry_after_header
-        self.remove_headers_on_redirect = frozenset([
-            h.lower() for h in remove_headers_on_redirect])
+        self.remove_headers_on_redirect = frozenset(
+            [h.lower() for h in remove_headers_on_redirect]
+        )
 
     def new(self, **kw):
         params = dict(
             total=self.total,
-            connect=self.connect, read=self.read, redirect=self.redirect, status=self.status,
+            connect=self.connect,
+            read=self.read,
+            redirect=self.redirect,
+            status=self.status,
             method_whitelist=self.method_whitelist,
             status_forcelist=self.status_forcelist,
             backoff_factor=self.backoff_factor,
             raise_on_redirect=self.raise_on_redirect,
             raise_on_status=self.raise_on_status,
             history=self.history,
-            remove_headers_on_redirect=self.remove_headers_on_redirect
+            remove_headers_on_redirect=self.remove_headers_on_redirect,
+            respect_retry_after_header=self.respect_retry_after_header,
         )
         params.update(kw)
         return type(self)(**params)
@@ -217,8 +235,11 @@ class Retry(object):
         :rtype: float
         """
         # We want to consider only the last consecutive errors sequence (Ignore redirects).
-        consecutive_errors_len = len(list(takewhile(lambda x: x.redirect_location is None,
-                                                    reversed(self.history))))
+        consecutive_errors_len = len(
+            list(
+                takewhile(lambda x: x.redirect_location is None, reversed(self.history))
+            )
+        )
         if consecutive_errors_len <= 1:
             return 0
 
@@ -274,7 +295,7 @@ class Retry(object):
         this method will return immediately.
         """
 
-        if response:
+        if self.respect_retry_after_header and response:
             slept = self.sleep_for_retry(response)
             if slept:
                 return
@@ -315,8 +336,12 @@ class Retry(object):
         if self.status_forcelist and status_code in self.status_forcelist:
             return True
 
-        return (self.total and self.respect_retry_after_header and
-                has_retry_after and (status_code in self.RETRY_AFTER_STATUS_CODES))
+        return (
+            self.total
+            and self.respect_retry_after_header
+            and has_retry_after
+            and (status_code in self.RETRY_AFTER_STATUS_CODES)
+        )
 
     def is_exhausted(self):
         """ Are we out of retries? """
@@ -327,8 +352,15 @@ class Retry(object):
 
         return min(retry_counts) < 0
 
-    def increment(self, method=None, url=None, response=None, error=None,
-                  _pool=None, _stacktrace=None):
+    def increment(
+        self,
+        method=None,
+        url=None,
+        response=None,
+        error=None,
+        _pool=None,
+        _stacktrace=None,
+    ):
         """ Return a new Retry object with incremented retry counters.
 
         :param response: A response object, or None, if the server did not
@@ -351,7 +383,7 @@ class Retry(object):
         read = self.read
         redirect = self.redirect
         status_count = self.status
-        cause = 'unknown'
+        cause = "unknown"
         status = None
         redirect_location = None
 
@@ -373,7 +405,7 @@ class Retry(object):
             # Redirect retry?
             if redirect is not None:
                 redirect -= 1
-            cause = 'too many redirects'
+            cause = "too many redirects"
             redirect_location = response.get_redirect_location()
             status = response.status
 
@@ -384,16 +416,21 @@ class Retry(object):
             if response and response.status:
                 if status_count is not None:
                     status_count -= 1
-                cause = ResponseError.SPECIFIC_ERROR.format(
-                    status_code=response.status)
+                cause = ResponseError.SPECIFIC_ERROR.format(status_code=response.status)
                 status = response.status
 
-        history = self.history + (RequestHistory(method, url, error, status, redirect_location),)
+        history = self.history + (
+            RequestHistory(method, url, error, status, redirect_location),
+        )
 
         new_retry = self.new(
             total=total,
-            connect=connect, read=read, redirect=redirect, status=status_count,
-            history=history)
+            connect=connect,
+            read=read,
+            redirect=redirect,
+            status=status_count,
+            history=history,
+        )
 
         if new_retry.is_exhausted():
             raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause))
@@ -403,9 +440,10 @@ class Retry(object):
         return new_retry
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return ('{cls.__name__}(total={self.total}, connect={self.connect}, '
-                'read={self.read}, redirect={self.redirect}, status={self.status})').format(
-                    cls=type(self), self=self)
+        return (
+            "{cls.__name__}(total={self.total}, connect={self.connect}, "
+            "read={self.read}, redirect={self.redirect}, status={self.status})"
+        ).format(cls=type(self), self=self)
 
 
 # For backwards compatibility (equivalent to pre-v1.9):
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/util/ssl_.py b/lib/urllib3/util/ssl_.py
index f271ce9..2fd4ca5 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/util/ssl_.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/util/ssl_.py
@@ -18,11 +18,7 @@ IS_PYOPENSSL = False
 IS_SECURETRANSPORT = False
 
 # Maps the length of a digest to a possible hash function producing this digest
-HASHFUNC_MAP = {
-    32: md5,
-    40: sha1,
-    64: sha256,
-}
+HASHFUNC_MAP = {32: md5, 40: sha1, 64: sha256}
 
 
 def _const_compare_digest_backport(a, b):
@@ -38,17 +34,13 @@ def _const_compare_digest_backport(a, b):
     return result == 0
 
 
-_const_compare_digest = getattr(hmac, 'compare_digest',
-                                _const_compare_digest_backport)
+_const_compare_digest = getattr(hmac, "compare_digest", _const_compare_digest_backport)
 
 # Borrow rfc3986's regular expressions for IPv4
 # and IPv6 addresses for use in is_ipaddress()
 _IP_ADDRESS_REGEX = re.compile(
-    r'^(?:%s|%s|%s)$' % (
-        abnf_regexp.IPv4_RE,
-        abnf_regexp.IPv6_RE,
-        abnf_regexp.IPv6_ADDRZ_RFC4007_RE
-    )
+    r"^(?:%s|%s|%s)$"
+    % (abnf_regexp.IPv4_RE, abnf_regexp.IPv6_RE, abnf_regexp.IPv6_ADDRZ_RFC4007_RE)
 )
 
 try:  # Test for SSL features
@@ -60,10 +52,12 @@ except ImportError:
 
 try:  # Platform-specific: Python 3.6
     from ssl import PROTOCOL_TLS
+
     PROTOCOL_SSLv23 = PROTOCOL_TLS
 except ImportError:
     try:
         from ssl import PROTOCOL_SSLv23 as PROTOCOL_TLS
+
         PROTOCOL_SSLv23 = PROTOCOL_TLS
     except ImportError:
         PROTOCOL_SSLv23 = PROTOCOL_TLS = 2
@@ -93,26 +87,29 @@ except ImportError:
 #   insecure ciphers for security reasons.
 # - NOTE: TLS 1.3 cipher suites are managed through a different interface
 #   not exposed by CPython (yet!) and are enabled by default if they're available.
-DEFAULT_CIPHERS = ':'.join([
-    'ECDHE+AESGCM',
-    'ECDHE+CHACHA20',
-    'DHE+AESGCM',
-    'DHE+CHACHA20',
-    'ECDH+AESGCM',
-    'DH+AESGCM',
-    'ECDH+AES',
-    'DH+AES',
-    'RSA+AESGCM',
-    'RSA+AES',
-    '!aNULL',
-    '!eNULL',
-    '!MD5',
-    '!DSS',
-])
+DEFAULT_CIPHERS = ":".join(
+    [
+        "ECDHE+AESGCM",
+        "ECDHE+CHACHA20",
+        "DHE+AESGCM",
+        "DHE+CHACHA20",
+        "ECDH+AESGCM",
+        "DH+AESGCM",
+        "ECDH+AES",
+        "DH+AES",
+        "RSA+AESGCM",
+        "RSA+AES",
+        "!aNULL",
+        "!eNULL",
+        "!MD5",
+        "!DSS",
+    ]
+)
 
 try:
     from ssl import SSLContext  # Modern SSL?
 except ImportError:
+
     class SSLContext(object):  # Platform-specific: Python 2
         def __init__(self, protocol_version):
             self.protocol = protocol_version
@@ -140,21 +137,21 @@ except ImportError:
 
         def wrap_socket(self, socket, server_hostname=None, server_side=False):
             warnings.warn(
-                'A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents '
-                'urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause '
-                'certain SSL connections to fail. You can upgrade to a newer '
-                'version of Python to solve this. For more information, see '
-                'https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html'
-                '#ssl-warnings',
-                InsecurePlatformWarning
+                "A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents "
+                "urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause "
+                "certain SSL connections to fail. You can upgrade to a newer "
+                "version of Python to solve this. For more information, see "
+                "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html"
+                "#ssl-warnings",
+                InsecurePlatformWarning,
             )
             kwargs = {
-                'keyfile': self.keyfile,
-                'certfile': self.certfile,
-                'ca_certs': self.ca_certs,
-                'cert_reqs': self.verify_mode,
-                'ssl_version': self.protocol,
-                'server_side': server_side,
+                "keyfile": self.keyfile,
+                "certfile": self.certfile,
+                "ca_certs": self.ca_certs,
+                "cert_reqs": self.verify_mode,
+                "ssl_version": self.protocol,
+                "server_side": server_side,
             }
             return wrap_socket(socket, ciphers=self.ciphers, **kwargs)
 
@@ -169,12 +166,11 @@ def assert_fingerprint(cert, fingerprint):
         Fingerprint as string of hexdigits, can be interspersed by colons.
     """
 
-    fingerprint = fingerprint.replace(':', '').lower()
+    fingerprint = fingerprint.replace(":", "").lower()
     digest_length = len(fingerprint)
     hashfunc = HASHFUNC_MAP.get(digest_length)
     if not hashfunc:
-        raise SSLError(
-            'Fingerprint of invalid length: {0}'.format(fingerprint))
+        raise SSLError("Fingerprint of invalid length: {0}".format(fingerprint))
 
     # We need encode() here for py32; works on py2 and p33.
     fingerprint_bytes = unhexlify(fingerprint.encode())
@@ -182,8 +178,11 @@ def assert_fingerprint(cert, fingerprint):
     cert_digest = hashfunc(cert).digest()
 
     if not _const_compare_digest(cert_digest, fingerprint_bytes):
-        raise SSLError('Fingerprints did not match. Expected "{0}", got "{1}".'
-                       .format(fingerprint, hexlify(cert_digest)))
+        raise SSLError(
+            'Fingerprints did not match. Expected "{0}", got "{1}".'.format(
+                fingerprint, hexlify(cert_digest)
+            )
+        )
 
 
 def resolve_cert_reqs(candidate):
@@ -203,7 +202,7 @@ def resolve_cert_reqs(candidate):
     if isinstance(candidate, str):
         res = getattr(ssl, candidate, None)
         if res is None:
-            res = getattr(ssl, 'CERT_' + candidate)
+            res = getattr(ssl, "CERT_" + candidate)
         return res
 
     return candidate
@@ -219,14 +218,15 @@ def resolve_ssl_version(candidate):
     if isinstance(candidate, str):
         res = getattr(ssl, candidate, None)
         if res is None:
-            res = getattr(ssl, 'PROTOCOL_' + candidate)
+            res = getattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_" + candidate)
         return res
 
     return candidate
 
 
-def create_urllib3_context(ssl_version=None, cert_reqs=None,
-                           options=None, ciphers=None):
+def create_urllib3_context(
+    ssl_version=None, cert_reqs=None, options=None, ciphers=None
+):
     """All arguments have the same meaning as ``ssl_wrap_socket``.
 
     By default, this function does a lot of the same work that
@@ -280,17 +280,28 @@ def create_urllib3_context(ssl_version=None, cert_reqs=None,
     context.options |= options
 
     context.verify_mode = cert_reqs
-    if getattr(context, 'check_hostname', None) is not None:  # Platform-specific: Python 3.2
+    if (
+        getattr(context, "check_hostname", None) is not None
+    ):  # Platform-specific: Python 3.2
         # We do our own verification, including fingerprints and alternative
         # hostnames. So disable it here
         context.check_hostname = False
     return context
 
 
-def ssl_wrap_socket(sock, keyfile=None, certfile=None, cert_reqs=None,
-                    ca_certs=None, server_hostname=None,
-                    ssl_version=None, ciphers=None, ssl_context=None,
-                    ca_cert_dir=None, key_password=None):
+def ssl_wrap_socket(
+    sock,
+    keyfile=None,
+    certfile=None,
+    cert_reqs=None,
+    ca_certs=None,
+    server_hostname=None,
+    ssl_version=None,
+    ciphers=None,
+    ssl_context=None,
+    ca_cert_dir=None,
+    key_password=None,
+):
     """
     All arguments except for server_hostname, ssl_context, and ca_cert_dir have
     the same meaning as they do when using :func:`ssl.wrap_socket`.
@@ -314,8 +325,7 @@ def ssl_wrap_socket(sock, keyfile=None, certfile=None, cert_reqs=None,
         # Note: This branch of code and all the variables in it are no longer
         # used by urllib3 itself. We should consider deprecating and removing
         # this code.
-        context = create_urllib3_context(ssl_version, cert_reqs,
-                                         ciphers=ciphers)
+        context = create_urllib3_context(ssl_version, cert_reqs, ciphers=ciphers)
 
     if ca_certs or ca_cert_dir:
         try:
@@ -329,7 +339,7 @@ def ssl_wrap_socket(sock, keyfile=None, certfile=None, cert_reqs=None,
                 raise SSLError(e)
             raise
 
-    elif ssl_context is None and hasattr(context, 'load_default_certs'):
+    elif ssl_context is None and hasattr(context, "load_default_certs"):
         # try to load OS default certs; works well on Windows (require Python3.4+)
         context.load_default_certs()
 
@@ -349,20 +359,21 @@ def ssl_wrap_socket(sock, keyfile=None, certfile=None, cert_reqs=None,
     # extension should not be used according to RFC3546 Section 3.1
     # We shouldn't warn the user if SNI isn't available but we would
     # not be using SNI anyways due to IP address for server_hostname.
-    if ((server_hostname is not None and not is_ipaddress(server_hostname))
-            or IS_SECURETRANSPORT):
+    if (
+        server_hostname is not None and not is_ipaddress(server_hostname)
+    ) or IS_SECURETRANSPORT:
         if HAS_SNI and server_hostname is not None:
             return context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
 
         warnings.warn(
-            'An HTTPS request has been made, but the SNI (Server Name '
-            'Indication) extension to TLS is not available on this platform. '
-            'This may cause the server to present an incorrect TLS '
-            'certificate, which can cause validation failures. You can upgrade to '
-            'a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see '
-            'https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html'
-            '#ssl-warnings',
-            SNIMissingWarning
+            "An HTTPS request has been made, but the SNI (Server Name "
+            "Indication) extension to TLS is not available on this platform. "
+            "This may cause the server to present an incorrect TLS "
+            "certificate, which can cause validation failures. You can upgrade to "
+            "a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see "
+            "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html"
+            "#ssl-warnings",
+            SNIMissingWarning,
         )
 
     return context.wrap_socket(sock)
@@ -377,16 +388,16 @@ def is_ipaddress(hostname):
     """
     if six.PY3 and isinstance(hostname, bytes):
         # IDN A-label bytes are ASCII compatible.
-        hostname = hostname.decode('ascii')
+        hostname = hostname.decode("ascii")
     return _IP_ADDRESS_REGEX.match(hostname) is not None
 
 
 def _is_key_file_encrypted(key_file):
     """Detects if a key file is encrypted or not."""
-    with open(key_file, 'r') as f:
+    with open(key_file, "r") as f:
         for line in f:
             # Look for Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
-            if 'ENCRYPTED' in line:
+            if "ENCRYPTED" in line:
                 return True
 
     return False
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/util/timeout.py b/lib/urllib3/util/timeout.py
index a4d004a..c1dc1e9 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/util/timeout.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/util/timeout.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import absolute_import
+
 # The default socket timeout, used by httplib to indicate that no timeout was
 # specified by the user
 from socket import _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
@@ -45,19 +46,20 @@ class Timeout(object):
     :type total: integer, float, or None
 
     :param connect:
-        The maximum amount of time to wait for a connection attempt to a server
-        to succeed. Omitting the parameter will default the connect timeout to
-        the system default, probably `the global default timeout in socket.py
+        The maximum amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a connection
+        attempt to a server to succeed. Omitting the parameter will default the
+        connect timeout to the system default, probably `the global default
+        timeout in socket.py
         <http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/603b4d593758/Lib/socket.py#l535>`_.
         None will set an infinite timeout for connection attempts.
 
     :type connect: integer, float, or None
 
     :param read:
-        The maximum amount of time to wait between consecutive
-        read operations for a response from the server. Omitting
-        the parameter will default the read timeout to the system
-        default, probably `the global default timeout in socket.py
+        The maximum amount of time (in seconds) to wait between consecutive
+        read operations for a response from the server. Omitting the parameter
+        will default the read timeout to the system default, probably `the
+        global default timeout in socket.py
         <http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/603b4d593758/Lib/socket.py#l535>`_.
         None will set an infinite timeout.
 
@@ -91,14 +93,18 @@ class Timeout(object):
     DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
 
     def __init__(self, total=None, connect=_Default, read=_Default):
-        self._connect = self._validate_timeout(connect, 'connect')
-        self._read = self._validate_timeout(read, 'read')
-        self.total = self._validate_timeout(total, 'total')
+        self._connect = self._validate_timeout(connect, "connect")
+        self._read = self._validate_timeout(read, "read")
+        self.total = self._validate_timeout(total, "total")
         self._start_connect = None
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return '%s(connect=%r, read=%r, total=%r)' % (
-            type(self).__name__, self._connect, self._read, self.total)
+        return "%s(connect=%r, read=%r, total=%r)" % (
+            type(self).__name__,
+            self._connect,
+            self._read,
+            self.total,
+        )
 
     @classmethod
     def _validate_timeout(cls, value, name):
@@ -118,23 +124,31 @@ class Timeout(object):
             return value
 
         if isinstance(value, bool):
-            raise ValueError("Timeout cannot be a boolean value. It must "
-                             "be an int, float or None.")
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Timeout cannot be a boolean value. It must "
+                "be an int, float or None."
+            )
         try:
             float(value)
         except (TypeError, ValueError):
-            raise ValueError("Timeout value %s was %s, but it must be an "
-                             "int, float or None." % (name, value))
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Timeout value %s was %s, but it must be an "
+                "int, float or None." % (name, value)
+            )
 
         try:
             if value <= 0:
-                raise ValueError("Attempted to set %s timeout to %s, but the "
-                                 "timeout cannot be set to a value less "
-                                 "than or equal to 0." % (name, value))
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Attempted to set %s timeout to %s, but the "
+                    "timeout cannot be set to a value less "
+                    "than or equal to 0." % (name, value)
+                )
         except TypeError:
             # Python 3
-            raise ValueError("Timeout value %s was %s, but it must be an "
-                             "int, float or None." % (name, value))
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Timeout value %s was %s, but it must be an "
+                "int, float or None." % (name, value)
+            )
 
         return value
 
@@ -166,8 +180,7 @@ class Timeout(object):
         # We can't use copy.deepcopy because that will also create a new object
         # for _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, which socket.py uses as a sentinel to
         # detect the user default.
-        return Timeout(connect=self._connect, read=self._read,
-                       total=self.total)
+        return Timeout(connect=self._connect, read=self._read, total=self.total)
 
     def start_connect(self):
         """ Start the timeout clock, used during a connect() attempt
@@ -183,14 +196,15 @@ class Timeout(object):
     def get_connect_duration(self):
         """ Gets the time elapsed since the call to :meth:`start_connect`.
 
-        :return: Elapsed time.
+        :return: Elapsed time in seconds.
         :rtype: float
         :raises urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError: if you attempt
             to get duration for a timer that hasn't been started.
         """
         if self._start_connect is None:
-            raise TimeoutStateError("Can't get connect duration for timer "
-                                    "that has not started.")
+            raise TimeoutStateError(
+                "Can't get connect duration for timer " "that has not started."
+            )
         return current_time() - self._start_connect
 
     @property
@@ -228,15 +242,16 @@ class Timeout(object):
         :raises urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError: If :meth:`start_connect`
             has not yet been called on this object.
         """
-        if (self.total is not None and
-                self.total is not self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT and
-                self._read is not None and
-                self._read is not self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT):
+        if (
+            self.total is not None
+            and self.total is not self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+            and self._read is not None
+            and self._read is not self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+        ):
             # In case the connect timeout has not yet been established.
             if self._start_connect is None:
                 return self._read
-            return max(0, min(self.total - self.get_connect_duration(),
-                              self._read))
+            return max(0, min(self.total - self.get_connect_duration(), self._read))
         elif self.total is not None and self.total is not self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
             return max(0, self.total - self.get_connect_duration())
         else:
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/util/url.py b/lib/urllib3/util/url.py
index 0bc6ced..f225cd8 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/util/url.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/util/url.py
@@ -9,35 +9,47 @@ from ..packages.rfc3986.validators import Validator
 from ..packages.rfc3986 import abnf_regexp, normalizers, compat, misc
 
 
-url_attrs = ['scheme', 'auth', 'host', 'port', 'path', 'query', 'fragment']
+url_attrs = ["scheme", "auth", "host", "port", "path", "query", "fragment"]
 
 # We only want to normalize urls with an HTTP(S) scheme.
 # urllib3 infers URLs without a scheme (None) to be http.
-NORMALIZABLE_SCHEMES = ('http', 'https', None)
+NORMALIZABLE_SCHEMES = ("http", "https", None)
 
 # Regex for detecting URLs with schemes. RFC 3986 Section 3.1
 SCHEME_REGEX = re.compile(r"^(?:[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+\-]*:|/)")
 
-PATH_CHARS = abnf_regexp.UNRESERVED_CHARS_SET | abnf_regexp.SUB_DELIMITERS_SET | {':', '@', '/'}
-QUERY_CHARS = FRAGMENT_CHARS = PATH_CHARS | {'?'}
+PATH_CHARS = (
+    abnf_regexp.UNRESERVED_CHARS_SET | abnf_regexp.SUB_DELIMITERS_SET | {":", "@", "/"}
+)
+QUERY_CHARS = FRAGMENT_CHARS = PATH_CHARS | {"?"}
 
 
-class Url(namedtuple('Url', url_attrs)):
+class Url(namedtuple("Url", url_attrs)):
     """
     Data structure for representing an HTTP URL. Used as a return value for
     :func:`parse_url`. Both the scheme and host are normalized as they are
     both case-insensitive according to RFC 3986.
     """
+
     __slots__ = ()
 
-    def __new__(cls, scheme=None, auth=None, host=None, port=None, path=None,
-                query=None, fragment=None):
-        if path and not path.startswith('/'):
-            path = '/' + path
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        scheme=None,
+        auth=None,
+        host=None,
+        port=None,
+        path=None,
+        query=None,
+        fragment=None,
+    ):
+        if path and not path.startswith("/"):
+            path = "/" + path
         if scheme is not None:
             scheme = scheme.lower()
-        return super(Url, cls).__new__(cls, scheme, auth, host, port, path,
-                                       query, fragment)
+        return super(Url, cls).__new__(
+            cls, scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment
+        )
 
     @property
     def hostname(self):
@@ -47,10 +59,10 @@ class Url(namedtuple('Url', url_attrs)):
     @property
     def request_uri(self):
         """Absolute path including the query string."""
-        uri = self.path or '/'
+        uri = self.path or "/"
 
         if self.query is not None:
-            uri += '?' + self.query
+            uri += "?" + self.query
 
         return uri
 
@@ -58,7 +70,7 @@ class Url(namedtuple('Url', url_attrs)):
     def netloc(self):
         """Network location including host and port"""
         if self.port:
-            return '%s:%d' % (self.host, self.port)
+            return "%s:%d" % (self.host, self.port)
         return self.host
 
     @property
@@ -81,23 +93,23 @@ class Url(namedtuple('Url', url_attrs)):
             'http://username:password@host.com:80/path?query#fragment'
         """
         scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment = self
-        url = u''
+        url = u""
 
         # We use "is not None" we want things to happen with empty strings (or 0 port)
         if scheme is not None:
-            url += scheme + u'://'
+            url += scheme + u"://"
         if auth is not None:
-            url += auth + u'@'
+            url += auth + u"@"
         if host is not None:
             url += host
         if port is not None:
-            url += u':' + str(port)
+            url += u":" + str(port)
         if path is not None:
             url += path
         if query is not None:
-            url += u'?' + query
+            url += u"?" + query
         if fragment is not None:
-            url += u'#' + fragment
+            url += u"#" + fragment
 
         return url
 
@@ -135,12 +147,12 @@ def split_first(s, delims):
             min_delim = d
 
     if min_idx is None or min_idx < 0:
-        return s, '', None
+        return s, "", None
 
-    return s[:min_idx], s[min_idx + 1:], min_delim
+    return s[:min_idx], s[min_idx + 1 :], min_delim
 
 
-def _encode_invalid_chars(component, allowed_chars, encoding='utf-8'):
+def _encode_invalid_chars(component, allowed_chars, encoding="utf-8"):
     """Percent-encodes a URI component without reapplying
     onto an already percent-encoded component. Based on
     rfc3986.normalizers.encode_component()
@@ -150,23 +162,25 @@ def _encode_invalid_chars(component, allowed_chars, encoding='utf-8'):
 
     # Try to see if the component we're encoding is already percent-encoded
     # so we can skip all '%' characters but still encode all others.
-    percent_encodings = len(normalizers.PERCENT_MATCHER.findall(
-                            compat.to_str(component, encoding)))
+    percent_encodings = len(
+        normalizers.PERCENT_MATCHER.findall(compat.to_str(component, encoding))
+    )
 
-    uri_bytes = component.encode('utf-8', 'surrogatepass')
-    is_percent_encoded = percent_encodings == uri_bytes.count(b'%')
+    uri_bytes = component.encode("utf-8", "surrogatepass")
+    is_percent_encoded = percent_encodings == uri_bytes.count(b"%")
 
     encoded_component = bytearray()
 
     for i in range(0, len(uri_bytes)):
         # Will return a single character bytestring on both Python 2 & 3
-        byte = uri_bytes[i:i+1]
+        byte = uri_bytes[i : i + 1]
         byte_ord = ord(byte)
-        if ((is_percent_encoded and byte == b'%')
-                or (byte_ord < 128 and byte.decode() in allowed_chars)):
+        if (is_percent_encoded and byte == b"%") or (
+            byte_ord < 128 and byte.decode() in allowed_chars
+        ):
             encoded_component.extend(byte)
             continue
-        encoded_component.extend('%{0:02x}'.format(byte_ord).encode().upper())
+        encoded_component.extend("%{0:02x}".format(byte_ord).encode().upper())
 
     return encoded_component.decode(encoding)
 
@@ -209,7 +223,9 @@ def parse_url(url):
             try:
                 import idna
             except ImportError:
-                raise LocationParseError("Unable to parse URL without the 'idna' module")
+                raise LocationParseError(
+                    "Unable to parse URL without the 'idna' module"
+                )
             try:
                 return idna.encode(name.lower(), strict=True, std3_rules=True)
             except idna.IDNAError:
@@ -219,10 +235,11 @@ def parse_url(url):
     try:
         split_iri = misc.IRI_MATCHER.match(compat.to_str(url)).groupdict()
         iri_ref = rfc3986.IRIReference(
-            split_iri['scheme'], split_iri['authority'],
-            _encode_invalid_chars(split_iri['path'], PATH_CHARS),
-            _encode_invalid_chars(split_iri['query'], QUERY_CHARS),
-            _encode_invalid_chars(split_iri['fragment'], FRAGMENT_CHARS)
+            split_iri["scheme"],
+            split_iri["authority"],
+            _encode_invalid_chars(split_iri["path"], PATH_CHARS),
+            _encode_invalid_chars(split_iri["query"], QUERY_CHARS),
+            _encode_invalid_chars(split_iri["fragment"], FRAGMENT_CHARS),
         )
         has_authority = iri_ref.authority is not None
         uri_ref = iri_ref.encode(idna_encoder=idna_encode)
@@ -243,9 +260,7 @@ def parse_url(url):
     # normalization has completed.
     validator = Validator()
     try:
-        validator.check_validity_of(
-            *validator.COMPONENT_NAMES
-        ).validate(uri_ref)
+        validator.check_validity_of(*validator.COMPONENT_NAMES).validate(uri_ref)
     except ValidationError:
         return six.raise_from(LocationParseError(url), None)
 
@@ -255,8 +270,7 @@ def parse_url(url):
     # TODO: Remove this when we break backwards compatibility.
     path = uri_ref.path
     if not path:
-        if (uri_ref.query is not None
-                or uri_ref.fragment is not None):
+        if uri_ref.query is not None or uri_ref.fragment is not None:
             path = ""
         else:
             path = None
@@ -267,7 +281,7 @@ def parse_url(url):
         if x is None:
             return None
         elif not is_string and not isinstance(x, six.binary_type):
-            return x.encode('utf-8')
+            return x.encode("utf-8")
         return x
 
     return Url(
@@ -277,7 +291,7 @@ def parse_url(url):
         port=int(uri_ref.port) if uri_ref.port is not None else None,
         path=to_input_type(path),
         query=to_input_type(uri_ref.query),
-        fragment=to_input_type(uri_ref.fragment)
+        fragment=to_input_type(uri_ref.fragment),
     )
 
 
@@ -286,4 +300,4 @@ def get_host(url):
     Deprecated. Use :func:`parse_url` instead.
     """
     p = parse_url(url)
-    return p.scheme or 'http', p.hostname, p.port
+    return p.scheme or "http", p.hostname, p.port
diff --git a/lib/urllib3/util/wait.py b/lib/urllib3/util/wait.py
index 4db71ba..d71d2fd 100644
--- a/lib/urllib3/util/wait.py
+++ b/lib/urllib3/util/wait.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import errno
 from functools import partial
 import select
 import sys
+
 try:
     from time import monotonic
 except ImportError:
@@ -40,6 +41,8 @@ if sys.version_info >= (3, 5):
     # Modern Python, that retries syscalls by default
     def _retry_on_intr(fn, timeout):
         return fn(timeout)
+
+
 else:
     # Old and broken Pythons.
     def _retry_on_intr(fn, timeout):